{"id":510,"date":"2015-04-28T11:07:57","date_gmt":"2015-04-28T15:07:57","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/?page_id=510"},"modified":"2026-08-06T18:44:06","modified_gmt":"2026-08-06T18:44:06","slug":"pericles-funeral-oration","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/texts\/pericles-funeral-oration\/","title":{"rendered":"Pericles&#8217; Funeral Oration"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"510\" class=\"elementor elementor-510 elementor-bc-flex-widget\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-8l2iglv elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"8l2iglv\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-25 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-os02bz1\" data-id=\"os02bz1\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-xaqn0zn elementor-widget elementor-widget-drj_sidebar_nav\" data-id=\"xaqn0zn\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"drj_sidebar_nav.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<style>\r\n.drj-toggle:hover{background:#fff !important;box-shadow:0 0 0 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.15);}\r\n.drj-mobile-toggle-btn{display:none;}\r\n@media (max-width:767px){\r\n  .drj-mobile-toggle-btn{display:flex !important;}\r\n  #drj-sidebar-root.drj-mobile-collapsed{display:none !important;}\r\n}\r\n<\/style><button id=\"drj-mobile-nav-btn\" class=\"drj-mobile-toggle-btn\" aria-expanded=\"false\" style=\"width:100%;box-sizing:border-box;align-items:center;justify-content:center;gap:8px;background:#338533;color:#000;border:2px solid #1a1a1a;border-radius:8px;padding:12px;font-size:15px;font-weight:700;cursor:pointer;margin-bottom:8px;\"><span style=\"font-size:18px;line-height:1;\">&#9776;<\/span><span class=\"drj-btn-label\">Open nav menu<\/span><\/button><div class=\"drj-sidebar drj-mobile-collapsed\" id=\"drj-sidebar-root\" style=\"display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:6px;\"><div class=\"drj-node\"><div style=\"display:flex;align-items:center;gap:6px;background:#338533;color:#000;border:2px solid #1a1a1a;border-radius:8px;padding:9px 10px;\"><span class=\"drj-toggle\" data-target=\"drj-sec-508\" style=\"cursor:pointer;display:inline-flex;width:18px;height:18px;align-items:center;justify-content:center;flex-shrink:0;border:1px solid #1a1a1a;border-radius:3px;background:rgba(255,255,255,0.55);\"><span class=\"drj-arrow-symbol\" style=\"font-size:12px;font-weight:700;line-height:1;color:#000;\">&#8722;<\/span><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/texts\/\" style=\"color:#000;text-decoration:none;font-weight:700;font-size:15px;\">Dr. J&#039;s Illustrated Texts<\/a><\/div><div class=\"drj-children\" id=\"drj-sec-508\" style=\"margin-top:3px;display:block;background:#E7F0E7;border-left:2px solid #338533;border-radius:0 5px 5px 0;padding:2px 0 2px 8px;\"><div class=\"drj-node\"><div style=\"display:flex;align-items:center;gap:5px;padding:3px 0;\"><span style=\"display:inline-block;width:18px;flex-shrink:0;\"><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/texts\/aeschylus-oresteia\/\" style=\"color:#000;text-decoration:none;font-size:13.5px;\">Aeschylus&#8217; Oresteia<\/a><\/div><\/div><div class=\"drj-node\"><div style=\"display:flex;align-items:center;gap:5px;padding:3px 0;\"><span class=\"drj-toggle\" data-target=\"drj-c-510\" style=\"cursor:pointer;display:inline-flex;width:18px;height:18px;align-items:center;justify-content:center;flex-shrink:0;border:1px solid #1a1a1a;border-radius:3px;background:rgba(255,255,255,0.55);\"><span class=\"drj-arrow-symbol\" style=\"font-size:12px;font-weight:700;line-height:1;color:#000;\">&#8722;<\/span><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/texts\/pericles-funeral-oration\/\" style=\"background:#FFD84D;border:1px solid #1a1a1a;border-radius:4px;padding:2px 7px;font-size:14px;font-weight:700;color:#000;text-decoration:none;display:inline-block;\">&#9679; Pericles&#8217; Funeral Oration<\/a><\/div><div class=\"drj-children\" id=\"drj-c-510\" style=\"margin-left:18px;display:block;background:#E7F0E7;border-left:2px solid #338533;border-radius:0 5px 5px 0;padding:2px 0 2px 8px;\"><div class=\"drj-node\"><div style=\"display:flex;align-items:center;gap:5px;padding:3px 0;\"><span style=\"display:inline-block;width:18px;flex-shrink:0;\"><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/texts\/pericles-funeral-oration\/pericles-and-america\/\" style=\"color:#000;text-decoration:none;font-size:13.5px;\">Pericles and America<\/a><\/div><\/div><div class=\"drj-node\"><div style=\"display:flex;align-items:center;gap:5px;padding:3px 0;\"><span style=\"display:inline-block;width:18px;flex-shrink:0;\"><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/texts\/pericles-funeral-oration\/pericles-and-philadelphia\/\" style=\"color:#000;text-decoration:none;font-size:13.5px;\">Pericles and Philadelphia<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"drj-node\"><div style=\"display:flex;align-items:center;gap:5px;padding:3px 0;\"><span style=\"display:inline-block;width:18px;flex-shrink:0;\"><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/texts\/platos-apology\/\" style=\"color:#000;text-decoration:none;font-size:13.5px;\">Plato&#8217;s Apology<\/a><\/div><\/div><div class=\"drj-node\"><div style=\"display:flex;align-items:center;gap:5px;padding:3px 0;\"><span style=\"display:inline-block;width:18px;flex-shrink:0;\"><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/texts\/socrates-and-the-apology\/\" style=\"color:#000;text-decoration:none;font-size:13.5px;\">Socrates and The Apology<\/a><\/div><\/div><div class=\"drj-node\"><div style=\"display:flex;align-items:center;gap:5px;padding:3px 0;\"><span style=\"display:inline-block;width:18px;flex-shrink:0;\"><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/texts\/the-sphinx-and-oedipus-rex\/\" style=\"color:#000;text-decoration:none;font-size:13.5px;\">The Sphinx and Oedipus Rex<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"drj-node\"><div style=\"display:flex;align-items:center;gap:6px;background:#257CA8;color:#000;border:2px solid #1a1a1a;border-radius:8px;padding:9px 10px;\"><span class=\"drj-toggle\" data-target=\"drj-sec-26\" style=\"cursor:pointer;display:inline-flex;width:18px;height:18px;align-items:center;justify-content:center;flex-shrink:0;border:1px solid #1a1a1a;border-radius:3px;background:rgba(255,255,255,0.55);\"><span class=\"drj-arrow-symbol\" style=\"font-size:12px;font-weight:700;line-height:1;color:#000;\">+<\/span><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/greece\/\" style=\"color:#000;text-decoration:none;font-weight:700;font-size:15px;\">Dr. J&#039;s Illustrated Sites of Greece<\/a><\/div><div class=\"drj-children\" id=\"drj-sec-26\" style=\"margin-top:3px;display:none;background:#E5EFF5;border-left:2px solid #257CA8;border-radius:0 5px 5px 0;padding:2px 0 2px 8px;\"><div class=\"drj-node\"><div style=\"display:flex;align-items:center;gap:5px;padding:3px 0;\"><span class=\"drj-toggle\" data-target=\"drj-c-360\" style=\"cursor:pointer;display:inline-flex;width:18px;height:18px;align-items:center;justify-content:center;flex-shrink:0;border:1px solid #1a1a1a;border-radius:3px;background:rgba(255,255,255,0.55);\"><span class=\"drj-arrow-symbol\" style=\"font-size:12px;font-weight:700;line-height:1;color:#000;\">+<\/span><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/greece\/argolid\/\" style=\"color:#000;text-decoration:none;font-size:13.5px;\">Argolid<\/a><\/div><div class=\"drj-children\" id=\"drj-c-360\" style=\"margin-left:18px;display:none;background:#E5EFF5;border-left:2px solid #257CA8;border-radius:0 5px 5px 0;padding:2px 0 2px 8px;\"><div class=\"drj-node\"><div style=\"display:flex;align-items:center;gap:5px;padding:3px 0;\"><span style=\"display:inline-block;width:18px;flex-shrink:0;\"><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/greece\/argolid\/epidavros\/\" style=\"color:#000;text-decoration:none;font-size:13.5px;\">Epidavros<\/a><\/div><\/div><div class=\"drj-node\"><div style=\"display:flex;align-items:center;gap:5px;padding:3px 0;\"><span class=\"drj-toggle\" data-target=\"drj-c-366\" style=\"cursor:pointer;display:inline-flex;width:18px;height:18px;align-items:center;justify-content:center;flex-shrink:0;border:1px solid #1a1a1a;border-radius:3px;background:rgba(255,255,255,0.55);\"><span class=\"drj-arrow-symbol\" style=\"font-size:12px;font-weight:700;line-height:1;color:#000;\">+<\/span><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/greece\/argolid\/mycenae\/\" style=\"color:#000;text-decoration:none;font-size:13.5px;\">Mycenae<\/a><\/div><div class=\"drj-children\" id=\"drj-c-366\" style=\"margin-left:18px;display:none;background:#E5EFF5;border-left:2px solid #257CA8;border-radius:0 5px 5px 0;padding:2px 0 2px 8px;\"><div class=\"drj-node\"><div style=\"display:flex;align-items:center;gap:5px;padding:3px 0;\"><span style=\"display:inline-block;width:18px;flex-shrink:0;\"><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/greece\/argolid\/mycenae\/cistern\/\" style=\"color:#000;text-decoration:none;font-size:13.5px;\">Cistern<\/a><\/div><\/div><div class=\"drj-node\"><div style=\"display:flex;align-items:center;gap:5px;padding:3px 0;\"><span style=\"display:inline-block;width:18px;flex-shrink:0;\"><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/greece\/argolid\/mycenae\/clytemnestras-tomb\/\" style=\"color:#000;text-decoration:none;font-size:13.5px;\">Clytemnestra&#8217;s Tomb<\/a><\/div><\/div><div class=\"drj-node\"><div style=\"display:flex;align-items:center;gap:5px;padding:3px 0;\"><span style=\"display:inline-block;width:18px;flex-shrink:0;\"><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/greece\/argolid\/mycenae\/grave-circles\/\" style=\"color:#000;text-decoration:none;font-size:13.5px;\">Grave Circles<\/a><\/div><\/div><div class=\"drj-node\"><div style=\"display:flex;align-items:center;gap:5px;padding:3px 0;\"><span style=\"display:inline-block;width:18px;flex-shrink:0;\"><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/greece\/argolid\/mycenae\/kings-megaron\/\" style=\"color:#000;text-decoration:none;font-size:13.5px;\">King&#8217;s Megaron<\/a><\/div><\/div><div class=\"drj-node\"><div style=\"display:flex;align-items:center;gap:5px;padding:3px 0;\"><span style=\"display:inline-block;width:18px;flex-shrink:0;\"><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/greece\/argolid\/mycenae\/lion-tomb\/\" style=\"color:#000;text-decoration:none;font-size:13.5px;\">Lion Tomb<\/a><\/div><\/div><div class=\"drj-node\"><div style=\"display:flex;align-items:center;gap:5px;padding:3px 0;\"><span style=\"display:inline-block;width:18px;flex-shrink:0;\"><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/greece\/argolid\/mycenae\/lions-gate\/\" style=\"color:#000;text-decoration:none;font-size:13.5px;\">Lion&#8217;s Gate<\/a><\/div><\/div><div class=\"drj-node\"><div style=\"display:flex;align-items:center;gap:5px;padding:3px 0;\"><span style=\"display:inline-block;width:18px;flex-shrink:0;\"><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/greece\/argolid\/mycenae\/treasury-of-atreus\/\" style=\"color:#000;text-decoration:none;font-size:13.5px;\">Treasury of Atreus<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"drj-node\"><div style=\"display:flex;align-items:center;gap:5px;padding:3px 0;\"><span style=\"display:inline-block;width:18px;flex-shrink:0;\"><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/greece\/argolid\/nauplion\/\" style=\"color:#000;text-decoration:none;font-size:13.5px;\">Nauplion<\/a><\/div><\/div><div class=\"drj-node\"><div style=\"display:flex;align-items:center;gap:5px;padding:3px 0;\"><span style=\"display:inline-block;width:18px;flex-shrink:0;\"><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/greece\/argolid\/tiryns\/\" style=\"color:#000;text-decoration:none;font-size:13.5px;\">Tiryns<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"drj-node\"><div style=\"display:flex;align-items:center;gap:5px;padding:3px 0;\"><span class=\"drj-toggle\" data-target=\"drj-c-30\" style=\"cursor:pointer;display:inline-flex;width:18px;height:18px;align-items:center;justify-content:center;flex-shrink:0;border:1px solid #1a1a1a;border-radius:3px;background:rgba(255,255,255,0.55);\"><span class=\"drj-arrow-symbol\" style=\"font-size:12px;font-weight:700;line-height:1;color:#000;\">+<\/span><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/greece\/athens\/\" style=\"color:#000;text-decoration:none;font-size:13.5px;\">Athens<\/a><\/div><div class=\"drj-children\" id=\"drj-c-30\" style=\"margin-left:18px;display:none;background:#E5EFF5;border-left:2px solid #257CA8;border-radius:0 5px 5px 0;padding:2px 0 2px 8px;\"><div class=\"drj-node\"><div style=\"display:flex;align-items:center;gap:5px;padding:3px 0;\"><span style=\"display:inline-block;width:18px;flex-shrink:0;\"><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/greece\/athens\/acropolis\/\" style=\"color:#000;text-decoration:none;font-size:13.5px;\">Acropolis<\/a><\/div><\/div><div class=\"drj-node\"><div style=\"display:flex;align-items:center;gap:5px;padding:3px 0;\"><span style=\"display:inline-block;width:18px;flex-shrink:0;\"><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/greece\/athens\/acropolis-museum\/\" style=\"color:#000;text-decoration:none;font-size:13.5px;\">Acropolis Museum<\/a><\/div><\/div><div class=\"drj-node\"><div style=\"display:flex;align-items:center;gap:5px;padding:3px 0;\"><span style=\"display:inline-block;width:18px;flex-shrink:0;\"><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/greece\/athens\/agora\/\" style=\"color:#000;text-decoration:none;font-size:13.5px;\">Agora<\/a><\/div><\/div><div class=\"drj-node\"><div style=\"display:flex;align-items:center;gap:5px;padding:3px 0;\"><span style=\"display:inline-block;width:18px;flex-shrink:0;\"><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/greece\/athens\/arch-of-hadrian\/\" style=\"color:#000;text-decoration:none;font-size:13.5px;\">Arch of Hadrian<\/a><\/div><\/div><div class=\"drj-node\"><div style=\"display:flex;align-items:center;gap:5px;padding:3px 0;\"><span style=\"display:inline-block;width:18px;flex-shrink:0;\"><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/greece\/athens\/areopagus\/\" style=\"color:#000;text-decoration:none;font-size:13.5px;\">Areopagus<\/a><\/div><\/div><div class=\"drj-node\"><div style=\"display:flex;align-items:center;gap:5px;padding:3px 0;\"><span style=\"display:inline-block;width:18px;flex-shrink:0;\"><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/greece\/athens\/choregic-monument-of-lysikrates\/\" style=\"color:#000;text-decoration:none;font-size:13.5px;\">Choregic Monument of Lysikrates<\/a><\/div><\/div><div class=\"drj-node\"><div style=\"display:flex;align-items:center;gap:5px;padding:3px 0;\"><span style=\"display:inline-block;width:18px;flex-shrink:0;\"><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/greece\/athens\/choregic-monument-of-thrasyllos\/\" style=\"color:#000;text-decoration:none;font-size:13.5px;\">Choregic Monument of Thrasyllos<\/a><\/div><\/div><div class=\"drj-node\"><div style=\"display:flex;align-items:center;gap:5px;padding:3px 0;\"><span style=\"display:inline-block;width:18px;flex-shrink:0;\"><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/greece\/athens\/erechtheum\/\" style=\"color:#000;text-decoration:none;font-size:13.5px;\">Erechtheum<\/a><\/div><\/div><div class=\"drj-node\"><div style=\"display:flex;align-items:center;gap:5px;padding:3px 0;\"><span style=\"display:inline-block;width:18px;flex-shrink:0;\"><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/greece\/athens\/keramikos\/\" style=\"color:#000;text-decoration:none;font-size:13.5px;\">Keramikos<\/a><\/div><\/div><div class=\"drj-node\"><div style=\"display:flex;align-items:center;gap:5px;padding:3px 0;\"><span style=\"display:inline-block;width:18px;flex-shrink:0;\"><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/greece\/athens\/parthenon\/\" style=\"color:#000;text-decoration:none;font-size:13.5px;\">Parthenon<\/a><\/div><\/div><div class=\"drj-node\"><div style=\"display:flex;align-items:center;gap:5px;padding:3px 0;\"><span style=\"display:inline-block;width:18px;flex-shrink:0;\"><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/greece\/athens\/philopappos-hill\/\" style=\"color:#000;text-decoration:none;font-size:13.5px;\">Philopappos Hill<\/a><\/div><\/div><div class=\"drj-node\"><div style=\"display:flex;align-items:center;gap:5px;padding:3px 0;\"><span style=\"display:inline-block;width:18px;flex-shrink:0;\"><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/greece\/athens\/propylaia\/\" style=\"color:#000;text-decoration:none;font-size:13.5px;\">Propylaia<\/a><\/div><\/div><div class=\"drj-node\"><div style=\"display:flex;align-items:center;gap:5px;padding:3px 0;\"><span style=\"display:inline-block;width:18px;flex-shrink:0;\"><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/greece\/athens\/pynx\/\" style=\"color:#000;text-decoration:none;font-size:13.5px;\">Pynx<\/a><\/div><\/div><div class=\"drj-node\"><div style=\"display:flex;align-items:center;gap:5px;padding:3px 0;\"><span class=\"drj-toggle\" data-target=\"drj-c-237\" style=\"cursor:pointer;display:inline-flex;width:18px;height:18px;align-items:center;justify-content:center;flex-shrink:0;border:1px solid #1a1a1a;border-radius:3px;background:rgba(255,255,255,0.55);\"><span class=\"drj-arrow-symbol\" style=\"font-size:12px;font-weight:700;line-height:1;color:#000;\">+<\/span><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/greece\/athens\/south-slope\/\" style=\"color:#000;text-decoration:none;font-size:13.5px;\">South Slope<\/a><\/div><div class=\"drj-children\" id=\"drj-c-237\" style=\"margin-left:18px;display:none;background:#E5EFF5;border-left:2px solid #257CA8;border-radius:0 5px 5px 0;padding:2px 0 2px 8px;\"><div class=\"drj-node\"><div style=\"display:flex;align-items:center;gap:5px;padding:3px 0;\"><span style=\"display:inline-block;width:18px;flex-shrink:0;\"><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/greece\/athens\/south-slope\/theater-of-dionysus\/\" style=\"color:#000;text-decoration:none;font-size:13.5px;\">Theater of Dionysus<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"drj-node\"><div style=\"display:flex;align-items:center;gap:5px;padding:3px 0;\"><span style=\"display:inline-block;width:18px;flex-shrink:0;\"><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/greece\/athens\/stoa-of-eumenes-and-odeum-of-herodes-atticus\/\" style=\"color:#000;text-decoration:none;font-size:13.5px;\">Stoa of Eumenes and Odeum of Herodes Atticus<\/a><\/div><\/div><div class=\"drj-node\"><div style=\"display:flex;align-items:center;gap:5px;padding:3px 0;\"><span style=\"display:inline-block;width:18px;flex-shrink:0;\"><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/greece\/athens\/temple-of-asklepios-building-complex\/\" style=\"color:#000;text-decoration:none;font-size:13.5px;\">Temple of Asklepios Building Complex<\/a><\/div><\/div><div class=\"drj-node\"><div style=\"display:flex;align-items:center;gap:5px;padding:3px 0;\"><span style=\"display:inline-block;width:18px;flex-shrink:0;\"><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/greece\/athens\/athena-nike\/\" style=\"color:#000;text-decoration:none;font-size:13.5px;\">Temple of Athena Nike<\/a><\/div><\/div><div class=\"drj-node\"><div style=\"display:flex;align-items:center;gap:5px;padding:3px 0;\"><span style=\"display:inline-block;width:18px;flex-shrink:0;\"><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/greece\/athens\/temple-of-olympian-zeus\/\" style=\"color:#000;text-decoration:none;font-size:13.5px;\">Temple of Olympian Zeus<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"drj-node\"><div style=\"display:flex;align-items:center;gap:5px;padding:3px 0;\"><span class=\"drj-toggle\" data-target=\"drj-c-298\" style=\"cursor:pointer;display:inline-flex;width:18px;height:18px;align-items:center;justify-content:center;flex-shrink:0;border:1px solid #1a1a1a;border-radius:3px;background:rgba(255,255,255,0.55);\"><span class=\"drj-arrow-symbol\" style=\"font-size:12px;font-weight:700;line-height:1;color:#000;\">+<\/span><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/greece\/attica\/\" style=\"color:#000;text-decoration:none;font-size:13.5px;\">Attica<\/a><\/div><div class=\"drj-children\" id=\"drj-c-298\" style=\"margin-left:18px;display:none;background:#E5EFF5;border-left:2px solid #257CA8;border-radius:0 5px 5px 0;padding:2px 0 2px 8px;\"><div class=\"drj-node\"><div style=\"display:flex;align-items:center;gap:5px;padding:3px 0;\"><span style=\"display:inline-block;width:18px;flex-shrink:0;\"><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/greece\/attica\/eleusis\/\" style=\"color:#000;text-decoration:none;font-size:13.5px;\">Eleusis<\/a><\/div><\/div><div class=\"drj-node\"><div style=\"display:flex;align-items:center;gap:5px;padding:3px 0;\"><span style=\"display:inline-block;width:18px;flex-shrink:0;\"><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/greece\/attica\/sounion\/\" style=\"color:#000;text-decoration:none;font-size:13.5px;\">Sounion<\/a><\/div><\/div><div class=\"drj-node\"><div style=\"display:flex;align-items:center;gap:5px;padding:3px 0;\"><span style=\"display:inline-block;width:18px;flex-shrink:0;\"><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/greece\/attica\/thorikos\/\" style=\"color:#000;text-decoration:none;font-size:13.5px;\">Thorikos<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"drj-node\"><div style=\"display:flex;align-items:center;gap:5px;padding:3px 0;\"><span class=\"drj-toggle\" data-target=\"drj-c-346\" style=\"cursor:pointer;display:inline-flex;width:18px;height:18px;align-items:center;justify-content:center;flex-shrink:0;border:1px solid #1a1a1a;border-radius:3px;background:rgba(255,255,255,0.55);\"><span class=\"drj-arrow-symbol\" style=\"font-size:12px;font-weight:700;line-height:1;color:#000;\">+<\/span><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/greece\/boeotia\/\" style=\"color:#000;text-decoration:none;font-size:13.5px;\">Boeotia<\/a><\/div><div class=\"drj-children\" id=\"drj-c-346\" style=\"margin-left:18px;display:none;background:#E5EFF5;border-left:2px solid #257CA8;border-radius:0 5px 5px 0;padding:2px 0 2px 8px;\"><div class=\"drj-node\"><div style=\"display:flex;align-items:center;gap:5px;padding:3px 0;\"><span style=\"display:inline-block;width:18px;flex-shrink:0;\"><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/greece\/boeotia\/chaironeia\/\" style=\"color:#000;text-decoration:none;font-size:13.5px;\">Chaironeia<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"drj-node\"><div style=\"display:flex;align-items:center;gap:5px;padding:3px 0;\"><span class=\"drj-toggle\" data-target=\"drj-c-330\" style=\"cursor:pointer;display:inline-flex;width:18px;height:18px;align-items:center;justify-content:center;flex-shrink:0;border:1px solid #1a1a1a;border-radius:3px;background:rgba(255,255,255,0.55);\"><span class=\"drj-arrow-symbol\" style=\"font-size:12px;font-weight:700;line-height:1;color:#000;\">+<\/span><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/greece\/corinthia\/\" style=\"color:#000;text-decoration:none;font-size:13.5px;\">Corinthia<\/a><\/div><div class=\"drj-children\" id=\"drj-c-330\" style=\"margin-left:18px;display:none;background:#E5EFF5;border-left:2px solid #257CA8;border-radius:0 5px 5px 0;padding:2px 0 2px 8px;\"><div class=\"drj-node\"><div style=\"display:flex;align-items:center;gap:5px;padding:3px 0;\"><span style=\"display:inline-block;width:18px;flex-shrink:0;\"><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/greece\/corinthia\/corinth\/\" style=\"color:#000;text-decoration:none;font-size:13.5px;\">Corinth<\/a><\/div><\/div><div class=\"drj-node\"><div style=\"display:flex;align-items:center;gap:5px;padding:3px 0;\"><span style=\"display:inline-block;width:18px;flex-shrink:0;\"><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/greece\/corinthia\/isthmia\/\" style=\"color:#000;text-decoration:none;font-size:13.5px;\">Isthmia<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"drj-node\"><div style=\"display:flex;align-items:center;gap:5px;padding:3px 0;\"><span class=\"drj-toggle\" data-target=\"drj-c-477\" style=\"cursor:pointer;display:inline-flex;width:18px;height:18px;align-items:center;justify-content:center;flex-shrink:0;border:1px solid #1a1a1a;border-radius:3px;background:rgba(255,255,255,0.55);\"><span class=\"drj-arrow-symbol\" style=\"font-size:12px;font-weight:700;line-height:1;color:#000;\">+<\/span><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/greece\/crete\/\" style=\"color:#000;text-decoration:none;font-size:13.5px;\">Crete<\/a><\/div><div class=\"drj-children\" id=\"drj-c-477\" style=\"margin-left:18px;display:none;background:#E5EFF5;border-left:2px solid #257CA8;border-radius:0 5px 5px 0;padding:2px 0 2px 8px;\"><div class=\"drj-node\"><div style=\"display:flex;align-items:center;gap:5px;padding:3px 0;\"><span style=\"display:inline-block;width:18px;flex-shrink:0;\"><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/greece\/crete\/cnossos\/\" style=\"color:#000;text-decoration:none;font-size:13.5px;\">Cnossos<\/a><\/div><\/div><div class=\"drj-node\"><div style=\"display:flex;align-items:center;gap:5px;padding:3px 0;\"><span style=\"display:inline-block;width:18px;flex-shrink:0;\"><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/greece\/crete\/phaistos\/\" style=\"color:#000;text-decoration:none;font-size:13.5px;\">Phaistos<\/a><\/div><\/div><div class=\"drj-node\"><div style=\"display:flex;align-items:center;gap:5px;padding:3px 0;\"><span style=\"display:inline-block;width:18px;flex-shrink:0;\"><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/greece\/crete\/zakros\/\" style=\"color:#000;text-decoration:none;font-size:13.5px;\">Zakros<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"drj-node\"><div style=\"display:flex;align-items:center;gap:5px;padding:3px 0;\"><span class=\"drj-toggle\" data-target=\"drj-c-471\" style=\"cursor:pointer;display:inline-flex;width:18px;height:18px;align-items:center;justify-content:center;flex-shrink:0;border:1px solid #1a1a1a;border-radius:3px;background:rgba(255,255,255,0.55);\"><span class=\"drj-arrow-symbol\" style=\"font-size:12px;font-weight:700;line-height:1;color:#000;\">+<\/span><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/greece\/cycladic-islands\/\" style=\"color:#000;text-decoration:none;font-size:13.5px;\">Cycladic Islands<\/a><\/div><div class=\"drj-children\" id=\"drj-c-471\" style=\"margin-left:18px;display:none;background:#E5EFF5;border-left:2px solid #257CA8;border-radius:0 5px 5px 0;padding:2px 0 2px 8px;\"><div class=\"drj-node\"><div style=\"display:flex;align-items:center;gap:5px;padding:3px 0;\"><span style=\"display:inline-block;width:18px;flex-shrink:0;\"><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/greece\/cycladic-islands\/delos\/\" style=\"color:#000;text-decoration:none;font-size:13.5px;\">Delos<\/a><\/div><\/div><div class=\"drj-node\"><div style=\"display:flex;align-items:center;gap:5px;padding:3px 0;\"><span style=\"display:inline-block;width:18px;flex-shrink:0;\"><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/greece\/cycladic-islands\/santorini\/\" style=\"color:#000;text-decoration:none;font-size:13.5px;\">Santorini<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"drj-node\"><div style=\"display:flex;align-items:center;gap:5px;padding:3px 0;\"><span class=\"drj-toggle\" data-target=\"drj-c-446\" style=\"cursor:pointer;display:inline-flex;width:18px;height:18px;align-items:center;justify-content:center;flex-shrink:0;border:1px solid #1a1a1a;border-radius:3px;background:rgba(255,255,255,0.55);\"><span class=\"drj-arrow-symbol\" style=\"font-size:12px;font-weight:700;line-height:1;color:#000;\">+<\/span><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/greece\/eleia\/\" style=\"color:#000;text-decoration:none;font-size:13.5px;\">Eleia<\/a><\/div><div class=\"drj-children\" id=\"drj-c-446\" style=\"margin-left:18px;display:none;background:#E5EFF5;border-left:2px solid #257CA8;border-radius:0 5px 5px 0;padding:2px 0 2px 8px;\"><div class=\"drj-node\"><div style=\"display:flex;align-items:center;gap:5px;padding:3px 0;\"><span class=\"drj-toggle\" data-target=\"drj-c-448\" style=\"cursor:pointer;display:inline-flex;width:18px;height:18px;align-items:center;justify-content:center;flex-shrink:0;border:1px solid #1a1a1a;border-radius:3px;background:rgba(255,255,255,0.55);\"><span class=\"drj-arrow-symbol\" style=\"font-size:12px;font-weight:700;line-height:1;color:#000;\">+<\/span><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/greece\/eleia\/olympia\/\" style=\"color:#000;text-decoration:none;font-size:13.5px;\">Olympia<\/a><\/div><div class=\"drj-children\" id=\"drj-c-448\" style=\"margin-left:18px;display:none;background:#E5EFF5;border-left:2px solid #257CA8;border-radius:0 5px 5px 0;padding:2px 0 2px 8px;\"><div class=\"drj-node\"><div style=\"display:flex;align-items:center;gap:5px;padding:3px 0;\"><span style=\"display:inline-block;width:18px;flex-shrink:0;\"><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/greece\/eleia\/olympia\/olympia-museum\/\" style=\"color:#000;text-decoration:none;font-size:13.5px;\">Olympia Museum<\/a><\/div><\/div><div class=\"drj-node\"><div style=\"display:flex;align-items:center;gap:5px;padding:3px 0;\"><span style=\"display:inline-block;width:18px;flex-shrink:0;\"><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/greece\/eleia\/olympia\/olympics\/\" style=\"color:#000;text-decoration:none;font-size:13.5px;\">Olympics<\/a><\/div><\/div><div class=\"drj-node\"><div style=\"display:flex;align-items:center;gap:5px;padding:3px 0;\"><span style=\"display:inline-block;width:18px;flex-shrink:0;\"><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/greece\/eleia\/olympia\/sacred-precinct-altis\/\" style=\"color:#000;text-decoration:none;font-size:13.5px;\">Sacred Precinct (Altis)<\/a><\/div><\/div><div class=\"drj-node\"><div style=\"display:flex;align-items:center;gap:5px;padding:3px 0;\"><span style=\"display:inline-block;width:18px;flex-shrink:0;\"><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/greece\/eleia\/olympia\/site-of-olympia\/\" style=\"color:#000;text-decoration:none;font-size:13.5px;\">Site of Olympia<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"drj-node\"><div style=\"display:flex;align-items:center;gap:5px;padding:3px 0;\"><span class=\"drj-toggle\" data-target=\"drj-c-319\" style=\"cursor:pointer;display:inline-flex;width:18px;height:18px;align-items:center;justify-content:center;flex-shrink:0;border:1px solid #1a1a1a;border-radius:3px;background:rgba(255,255,255,0.55);\"><span class=\"drj-arrow-symbol\" style=\"font-size:12px;font-weight:700;line-height:1;color:#000;\">+<\/span><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/greece\/messenia\/\" style=\"color:#000;text-decoration:none;font-size:13.5px;\">Messenia<\/a><\/div><div class=\"drj-children\" id=\"drj-c-319\" style=\"margin-left:18px;display:none;background:#E5EFF5;border-left:2px solid #257CA8;border-radius:0 5px 5px 0;padding:2px 0 2px 8px;\"><div class=\"drj-node\"><div style=\"display:flex;align-items:center;gap:5px;padding:3px 0;\"><span style=\"display:inline-block;width:18px;flex-shrink:0;\"><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/greece\/messenia\/pylos\/\" style=\"color:#000;text-decoration:none;font-size:13.5px;\">Pylos<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"drj-node\"><div style=\"display:flex;align-items:center;gap:5px;padding:3px 0;\"><span class=\"drj-toggle\" data-target=\"drj-c-405\" style=\"cursor:pointer;display:inline-flex;width:18px;height:18px;align-items:center;justify-content:center;flex-shrink:0;border:1px solid #1a1a1a;border-radius:3px;background:rgba(255,255,255,0.55);\"><span class=\"drj-arrow-symbol\" style=\"font-size:12px;font-weight:700;line-height:1;color:#000;\">+<\/span><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/greece\/northern-greece\/\" style=\"color:#000;text-decoration:none;font-size:13.5px;\">Northern Greece<\/a><\/div><div class=\"drj-children\" id=\"drj-c-405\" style=\"margin-left:18px;display:none;background:#E5EFF5;border-left:2px solid #257CA8;border-radius:0 5px 5px 0;padding:2px 0 2px 8px;\"><div class=\"drj-node\"><div style=\"display:flex;align-items:center;gap:5px;padding:3px 0;\"><span class=\"drj-toggle\" data-target=\"drj-c-412\" style=\"cursor:pointer;display:inline-flex;width:18px;height:18px;align-items:center;justify-content:center;flex-shrink:0;border:1px solid #1a1a1a;border-radius:3px;background:rgba(255,255,255,0.55);\"><span class=\"drj-arrow-symbol\" style=\"font-size:12px;font-weight:700;line-height:1;color:#000;\">+<\/span><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/greece\/northern-greece\/delphi\/\" style=\"color:#000;text-decoration:none;font-size:13.5px;\">Delphi<\/a><\/div><div class=\"drj-children\" id=\"drj-c-412\" style=\"margin-left:18px;display:none;background:#E5EFF5;border-left:2px solid #257CA8;border-radius:0 5px 5px 0;padding:2px 0 2px 8px;\"><div class=\"drj-node\"><div style=\"display:flex;align-items:center;gap:5px;padding:3px 0;\"><span style=\"display:inline-block;width:18px;flex-shrink:0;\"><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/greece\/northern-greece\/delphi\/castalian-spring\/\" style=\"color:#000;text-decoration:none;font-size:13.5px;\">Castalian Spring<\/a><\/div><\/div><div class=\"drj-node\"><div style=\"display:flex;align-items:center;gap:5px;padding:3px 0;\"><span style=\"display:inline-block;width:18px;flex-shrink:0;\"><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/greece\/northern-greece\/delphi\/corycian-cave\/\" style=\"color:#000;text-decoration:none;font-size:13.5px;\">Corycian Cave<\/a><\/div><\/div><div class=\"drj-node\"><div style=\"display:flex;align-items:center;gap:5px;padding:3px 0;\"><span style=\"display:inline-block;width:18px;flex-shrink:0;\"><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/greece\/northern-greece\/delphi\/marmara\/\" style=\"color:#000;text-decoration:none;font-size:13.5px;\">Marmara<\/a><\/div><\/div><div class=\"drj-node\"><div style=\"display:flex;align-items:center;gap:5px;padding:3px 0;\"><span style=\"display:inline-block;width:18px;flex-shrink:0;\"><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/greece\/northern-greece\/delphi\/mt-parnassos\/\" style=\"color:#000;text-decoration:none;font-size:13.5px;\">Mt. Parnassos<\/a><\/div><\/div><div class=\"drj-node\"><div style=\"display:flex;align-items:center;gap:5px;padding:3px 0;\"><span style=\"display:inline-block;width:18px;flex-shrink:0;\"><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/greece\/northern-greece\/delphi\/sacred-way\/\" style=\"color:#000;text-decoration:none;font-size:13.5px;\">Sacred Way<\/a><\/div><\/div><div class=\"drj-node\"><div style=\"display:flex;align-items:center;gap:5px;padding:3px 0;\"><span style=\"display:inline-block;width:18px;flex-shrink:0;\"><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/greece\/northern-greece\/delphi\/stadium\/\" style=\"color:#000;text-decoration:none;font-size:13.5px;\">Stadium<\/a><\/div><\/div><div class=\"drj-node\"><div style=\"display:flex;align-items:center;gap:5px;padding:3px 0;\"><span style=\"display:inline-block;width:18px;flex-shrink:0;\"><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/greece\/northern-greece\/delphi\/temple-of-apollo\/\" style=\"color:#000;text-decoration:none;font-size:13.5px;\">Theater<\/a><\/div><\/div><div class=\"drj-node\"><div style=\"display:flex;align-items:center;gap:5px;padding:3px 0;\"><span style=\"display:inline-block;width:18px;flex-shrink:0;\"><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/greece\/northern-greece\/delphi\/training-area\/\" style=\"color:#000;text-decoration:none;font-size:13.5px;\">Training Area<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"drj-node\"><div style=\"display:flex;align-items:center;gap:5px;padding:3px 0;\"><span style=\"display:inline-block;width:18px;flex-shrink:0;\"><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/greece\/northern-greece\/mt-olympos\/\" style=\"color:#000;text-decoration:none;font-size:13.5px;\">Mt. Olympos<\/a><\/div><\/div><div class=\"drj-node\"><div style=\"display:flex;align-items:center;gap:5px;padding:3px 0;\"><span style=\"display:inline-block;width:18px;flex-shrink:0;\"><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/greece\/northern-greece\/naupaktos\/\" style=\"color:#000;text-decoration:none;font-size:13.5px;\">Naupaktos<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"drj-node\"><div style=\"display:flex;align-items:center;gap:5px;padding:3px 0;\"><span class=\"drj-toggle\" data-target=\"drj-c-460\" style=\"cursor:pointer;display:inline-flex;width:18px;height:18px;align-items:center;justify-content:center;flex-shrink:0;border:1px solid #1a1a1a;border-radius:3px;background:rgba(255,255,255,0.55);\"><span class=\"drj-arrow-symbol\" style=\"font-size:12px;font-weight:700;line-height:1;color:#000;\">+<\/span><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/greece\/saronic-gulf-islands\/\" style=\"color:#000;text-decoration:none;font-size:13.5px;\">Saronic Gulf Islands<\/a><\/div><div class=\"drj-children\" id=\"drj-c-460\" style=\"margin-left:18px;display:none;background:#E5EFF5;border-left:2px solid #257CA8;border-radius:0 5px 5px 0;padding:2px 0 2px 8px;\"><div class=\"drj-node\"><div style=\"display:flex;align-items:center;gap:5px;padding:3px 0;\"><span style=\"display:inline-block;width:18px;flex-shrink:0;\"><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/greece\/saronic-gulf-islands\/aegina\/\" style=\"color:#000;text-decoration:none;font-size:13.5px;\">Aegina<\/a><\/div><\/div><div class=\"drj-node\"><div style=\"display:flex;align-items:center;gap:5px;padding:3px 0;\"><span style=\"display:inline-block;width:18px;flex-shrink:0;\"><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/greece\/saronic-gulf-islands\/spetses\/\" style=\"color:#000;text-decoration:none;font-size:13.5px;\">Spetses<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"drj-node\"><div style=\"display:flex;align-items:center;gap:6px;background:#D52D81;color:#000;border:2px solid #1a1a1a;border-radius:8px;padding:9px 10px;\"><span class=\"drj-toggle\" data-target=\"drj-sec-486\" style=\"cursor:pointer;display:inline-flex;width:18px;height:18px;align-items:center;justify-content:center;flex-shrink:0;border:1px solid #1a1a1a;border-radius:3px;background:rgba(255,255,255,0.55);\"><span class=\"drj-arrow-symbol\" style=\"font-size:12px;font-weight:700;line-height:1;color:#000;\">+<\/span><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/italy\/\" style=\"color:#000;text-decoration:none;font-weight:700;font-size:15px;\">Dr. J&#039;s Illustrated Sites of Italy<\/a><\/div><div class=\"drj-children\" id=\"drj-sec-486\" style=\"margin-top:3px;display:none;background:#FAE6F0;border-left:2px solid #D52D81;border-radius:0 5px 5px 0;padding:2px 0 2px 8px;\"><div class=\"drj-node\"><div style=\"display:flex;align-items:center;gap:5px;padding:3px 0;\"><span style=\"display:inline-block;width:18px;flex-shrink:0;\"><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/italy\/herculaneum\/\" style=\"color:#000;text-decoration:none;font-size:13.5px;\">Herculaneum<\/a><\/div><\/div><div class=\"drj-node\"><div style=\"display:flex;align-items:center;gap:5px;padding:3px 0;\"><span style=\"display:inline-block;width:18px;flex-shrink:0;\"><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/italy\/ostia\/\" style=\"color:#000;text-decoration:none;font-size:13.5px;\">Ostia<\/a><\/div><\/div><div class=\"drj-node\"><div style=\"display:flex;align-items:center;gap:5px;padding:3px 0;\"><span style=\"display:inline-block;width:18px;flex-shrink:0;\"><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/italy\/paestum\/\" style=\"color:#000;text-decoration:none;font-size:13.5px;\">Paestum<\/a><\/div><\/div><div class=\"drj-node\"><div style=\"display:flex;align-items:center;gap:5px;padding:3px 0;\"><span style=\"display:inline-block;width:18px;flex-shrink:0;\"><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/italy\/pompeii\/\" style=\"color:#000;text-decoration:none;font-size:13.5px;\">Pompeii<\/a><\/div><\/div><div class=\"drj-node\"><div style=\"display:flex;align-items:center;gap:5px;padding:3px 0;\"><span class=\"drj-toggle\" data-target=\"drj-c-488\" style=\"cursor:pointer;display:inline-flex;width:18px;height:18px;align-items:center;justify-content:center;flex-shrink:0;border:1px solid #1a1a1a;border-radius:3px;background:rgba(255,255,255,0.55);\"><span class=\"drj-arrow-symbol\" style=\"font-size:12px;font-weight:700;line-height:1;color:#000;\">+<\/span><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/italy\/rome\/\" style=\"color:#000;text-decoration:none;font-size:13.5px;\">Rome<\/a><\/div><div class=\"drj-children\" id=\"drj-c-488\" style=\"margin-left:18px;display:none;background:#FAE6F0;border-left:2px solid #D52D81;border-radius:0 5px 5px 0;padding:2px 0 2px 8px;\"><div class=\"drj-node\"><div style=\"display:flex;align-items:center;gap:5px;padding:3px 0;\"><span style=\"display:inline-block;width:18px;flex-shrink:0;\"><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/italy\/rome\/ara-pacis\/\" style=\"color:#000;text-decoration:none;font-size:13.5px;\">Ara Pacis<\/a><\/div><\/div><div class=\"drj-node\"><div style=\"display:flex;align-items:center;gap:5px;padding:3px 0;\"><span style=\"display:inline-block;width:18px;flex-shrink:0;\"><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/italy\/rome\/colosseum\/\" style=\"color:#000;text-decoration:none;font-size:13.5px;\">Colosseum<\/a><\/div><\/div><div class=\"drj-node\"><div style=\"display:flex;align-items:center;gap:5px;padding:3px 0;\"><span style=\"display:inline-block;width:18px;flex-shrink:0;\"><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/italy\/rome\/fora\/\" style=\"color:#000;text-decoration:none;font-size:13.5px;\">Fora<\/a><\/div><\/div><div class=\"drj-node\"><div style=\"display:flex;align-items:center;gap:5px;padding:3px 0;\"><span style=\"display:inline-block;width:18px;flex-shrink:0;\"><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/italy\/rome\/vatican-museum\/\" style=\"color:#000;text-decoration:none;font-size:13.5px;\">Vatican Museum<\/a><\/div><\/div><div class=\"drj-node\"><div style=\"display:flex;align-items:center;gap:5px;padding:3px 0;\"><span style=\"display:inline-block;width:18px;flex-shrink:0;\"><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/italy\/rome\/villa-farnesina\/\" style=\"color:#000;text-decoration:none;font-size:13.5px;\">Villa Farnesina<\/a><\/div><\/div><div class=\"drj-node\"><div style=\"display:flex;align-items:center;gap:5px;padding:3px 0;\"><span style=\"display:inline-block;width:18px;flex-shrink:0;\"><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/italy\/rome\/villa-giulia\/\" style=\"color:#000;text-decoration:none;font-size:13.5px;\">Villa Giulia<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"drj-node\"><div style=\"display:flex;align-items:center;gap:5px;padding:3px 0;\"><span style=\"display:inline-block;width:18px;flex-shrink:0;\"><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/italy\/vesuvius\/\" style=\"color:#000;text-decoration:none;font-size:13.5px;\">Vesuvius<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"drj-node\"><div style=\"display:flex;align-items:center;gap:6px;background:#FF9900;color:#000;border:2px solid #1a1a1a;border-radius:8px;padding:9px 10px;\"><span class=\"drj-toggle\" data-target=\"drj-sec-504\" style=\"cursor:pointer;display:inline-flex;width:18px;height:18px;align-items:center;justify-content:center;flex-shrink:0;border:1px solid #1a1a1a;border-radius:3px;background:rgba(255,255,255,0.55);\"><span class=\"drj-arrow-symbol\" style=\"font-size:12px;font-weight:700;line-height:1;color:#000;\">+<\/span><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/other-sites\/\" style=\"color:#000;text-decoration:none;font-weight:700;font-size:15px;\">Dr. J&#039;s Other Illustrated Sites<\/a><\/div><div class=\"drj-children\" id=\"drj-sec-504\" style=\"margin-top:3px;display:none;background:#FFF3E0;border-left:2px solid #FF9900;border-radius:0 5px 5px 0;padding:2px 0 2px 8px;\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"drj-node\"><div style=\"display:flex;align-items:center;gap:6px;background:#AC5A83;color:#000;border:2px solid #1a1a1a;border-radius:8px;padding:9px 10px;\"><span class=\"drj-toggle\" data-target=\"drj-sec-790\" style=\"cursor:pointer;display:inline-flex;width:18px;height:18px;align-items:center;justify-content:center;flex-shrink:0;border:1px solid #1a1a1a;border-radius:3px;background:rgba(255,255,255,0.55);\"><span class=\"drj-arrow-symbol\" style=\"font-size:12px;font-weight:700;line-height:1;color:#000;\">+<\/span><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/illustrated-lectures\/\" style=\"color:#000;text-decoration:none;font-weight:700;font-size:15px;\">Dr. J&#039;s Illustrated Lectures<\/a><\/div><div class=\"drj-children\" id=\"drj-sec-790\" style=\"margin-top:3px;display:none;background:#F5EBF0;border-left:2px solid #AC5A83;border-radius:0 5px 5px 0;padding:2px 0 2px 8px;\"><div class=\"drj-node\"><div style=\"display:flex;align-items:center;gap:5px;padding:3px 0;\"><span style=\"display:inline-block;width:18px;flex-shrink:0;\"><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/illustrated-lectures\/greek-drama\/\" style=\"color:#000;text-decoration:none;font-size:13.5px;\">Greek Drama<\/a><\/div><\/div><div class=\"drj-node\"><div style=\"display:flex;align-items:center;gap:5px;padding:3px 0;\"><span class=\"drj-toggle\" data-target=\"drj-c-802\" style=\"cursor:pointer;display:inline-flex;width:18px;height:18px;align-items:center;justify-content:center;flex-shrink:0;border:1px solid #1a1a1a;border-radius:3px;background:rgba(255,255,255,0.55);\"><span class=\"drj-arrow-symbol\" style=\"font-size:12px;font-weight:700;line-height:1;color:#000;\">+<\/span><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/illustrated-lectures\/greek-history\/\" style=\"color:#000;text-decoration:none;font-size:13.5px;\">Greek History<\/a><\/div><div class=\"drj-children\" id=\"drj-c-802\" style=\"margin-left:18px;display:none;background:#F5EBF0;border-left:2px solid #AC5A83;border-radius:0 5px 5px 0;padding:2px 0 2px 8px;\"><div class=\"drj-node\"><div style=\"display:flex;align-items:center;gap:5px;padding:3px 0;\"><span style=\"display:inline-block;width:18px;flex-shrink:0;\"><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/illustrated-lectures\/greek-history\/archaic-age\/\" style=\"color:#000;text-decoration:none;font-size:13.5px;\">Archaic Age<\/a><\/div><\/div><div class=\"drj-node\"><div style=\"display:flex;align-items:center;gap:5px;padding:3px 0;\"><span style=\"display:inline-block;width:18px;flex-shrink:0;\"><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/illustrated-lectures\/greek-history\/classical-age\/\" style=\"color:#000;text-decoration:none;font-size:13.5px;\">Classical Age<\/a><\/div><\/div><div class=\"drj-node\"><div style=\"display:flex;align-items:center;gap:5px;padding:3px 0;\"><span style=\"display:inline-block;width:18px;flex-shrink:0;\"><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/illustrated-lectures\/greek-history\/persian-wars\/\" style=\"color:#000;text-decoration:none;font-size:13.5px;\">Persian Wars<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"drj-node\"><div style=\"display:flex;align-items:center;gap:5px;padding:3px 0;\"><span style=\"display:inline-block;width:18px;flex-shrink:0;\"><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/illustrated-lectures\/greek-theater\/\" style=\"color:#000;text-decoration:none;font-size:13.5px;\">Greek Theater<\/a><\/div><\/div><div class=\"drj-node\"><div style=\"display:flex;align-items:center;gap:5px;padding:3px 0;\"><span style=\"display:inline-block;width:18px;flex-shrink:0;\"><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/illustrated-lectures\/parthenon-marbles\/\" style=\"color:#000;text-decoration:none;font-size:13.5px;\">Parthenon Marbles<\/a><\/div><\/div><div class=\"drj-node\"><div style=\"display:flex;align-items:center;gap:5px;padding:3px 0;\"><span style=\"display:inline-block;width:18px;flex-shrink:0;\"><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/illustrated-lectures\/road-to-the-recovery-of-ancient-buildings\/\" style=\"color:#000;text-decoration:none;font-size:13.5px;\">Road to the Recovery of Ancient Buildings<\/a><\/div><\/div><div class=\"drj-node\"><div style=\"display:flex;align-items:center;gap:5px;padding:3px 0;\"><span style=\"display:inline-block;width:18px;flex-shrink:0;\"><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/illustrated-lectures\/the-mythic-hero\/\" style=\"color:#000;text-decoration:none;font-size:13.5px;\">The Mythic Hero<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"drj-node\"><div style=\"display:flex;align-items:center;gap:6px;background:#CC6699;color:#000;border:2px solid #1a1a1a;border-radius:8px;padding:9px 10px;\"><span class=\"drj-toggle\" data-target=\"drj-sec-823\" style=\"cursor:pointer;display:inline-flex;width:18px;height:18px;align-items:center;justify-content:center;flex-shrink:0;border:1px solid #1a1a1a;border-radius:3px;background:rgba(255,255,255,0.55);\"><span class=\"drj-arrow-symbol\" style=\"font-size:12px;font-weight:700;line-height:1;color:#000;\">+<\/span><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/latin-at-hsc\/\" style=\"color:#000;text-decoration:none;font-weight:700;font-size:15px;\">Latin at HSC<\/a><\/div><div class=\"drj-children\" id=\"drj-sec-823\" style=\"margin-top:3px;display:none;background:#F9EDF3;border-left:2px solid #CC6699;border-radius:0 5px 5px 0;padding:2px 0 2px 8px;\"><div class=\"drj-node\"><div style=\"display:flex;align-items:center;gap:5px;padding:3px 0;\"><span style=\"display:inline-block;width:18px;flex-shrink:0;\"><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/latin-at-hsc\/explanations\/\" style=\"color:#000;text-decoration:none;font-size:13.5px;\">Explanations<\/a><\/div><\/div><div class=\"drj-node\"><div style=\"display:flex;align-items:center;gap:5px;padding:3px 0;\"><span style=\"display:inline-block;width:18px;flex-shrink:0;\"><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/latin-at-hsc\/paradigms\/\" style=\"color:#000;text-decoration:none;font-size:13.5px;\">Paradigms<\/a><\/div><\/div><div class=\"drj-node\"><div style=\"display:flex;align-items:center;gap:5px;padding:3px 0;\"><span style=\"display:inline-block;width:18px;flex-shrink:0;\"><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/latin-at-hsc\/vocabulary\/\" style=\"color:#000;text-decoration:none;font-size:13.5px;\">Vocabulary<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"drj-node\"><div style=\"display:flex;align-items:center;gap:6px;background:#FF0000;color:#000;border:2px solid #1a1a1a;border-radius:8px;padding:9px 10px;\"><span class=\"drj-toggle\" data-target=\"drj-sec-1263\" style=\"cursor:pointer;display:inline-flex;width:18px;height:18px;align-items:center;justify-content:center;flex-shrink:0;border:1px solid #1a1a1a;border-radius:3px;background:rgba(255,255,255,0.55);\"><span class=\"drj-arrow-symbol\" style=\"font-size:12px;font-weight:700;line-height:1;color:#000;\">+<\/span><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/romans-in\/\" style=\"color:#000;text-decoration:none;font-weight:700;font-size:15px;\">Romans In... 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} catch(e) {}\r\nsetState(stored === \"open\");\r\nbtn.addEventListener(\"click\", function(){\r\n  var willOpen = sidebar.classList.contains(\"drj-mobile-collapsed\");\r\n  setState(willOpen);\r\n  try { sessionStorage.setItem(STORAGE_KEY, willOpen ? \"open\" : \"closed\"); } catch(e) {}\r\n});\r\n})();<\/script>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-75 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-aso39c9\" data-id=\"aso39c9\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-w41z31l elementor-widget elementor-widget-drj_breadcrumb\" data-id=\"w41z31l\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"drj_breadcrumb.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div style=\"background:#338533;display:inline-block;padding:6px 13px;border-radius:6px;border:1px solid #1a1a1a;font-size:14px;color:#000;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/\" style=\"color:#000;text-decoration:none;\">Home<\/a> \/ <a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/texts\/\" style=\"color:#000;text-decoration:none;\">Illustrated Texts<\/a> \/ <span style=\"font-weight:700;\">Pericles&#8217; Funeral Oration<\/span><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-31vcipl elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"31vcipl\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2026\/08\/IMG0096MID.jpg\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"IMG0096MID\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6Mjg3NywidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL2Jsb2dzLmhzYy5lZHVcL2RyamNsYXNzaWNzXC93cC1jb250ZW50XC91cGxvYWRzXC9zaXRlc1wvN1wvMjAyNlwvMDhcL0lNRzAwOTZNSUQuanBnIn0%3D\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"131\" height=\"200\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2026\/08\/IMG0096MID.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-2877\" alt=\"Pericles&apos; Funeral Oration \u2014 photograph 1 of 23\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-slkchas elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"slkchas\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Dr.\n    J&#8217;s Illustrated Pericles&#8217; Funeral Oration<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-v4z7cpm elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"v4z7cpm\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>&#8220;Poets,\n    priests and politicians have words to thank for their\u00a0positions&#8230;&#8221; <\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4j76t7p elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4j76t7p\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>&#8220;Doo-doo-doo-de dah-dah dah&#8221;\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 by The Police <\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2kpb8al elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2kpb8al\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The purpose of\n    this illustrated lecture is to provide context for the student who strives to understand\n    what kind of place Periclean Athens was. <a href=\"PericlesAmerica.shtm\">Dr. J&#8217;s\n    Illustrated Pericles and America<\/a> lecture explains how fifth century Greek values\n    compare to our modern American ones, and <a href=\"PericlesPhiladelphia.shtm\">Dr. J&#8217;s\n    Illustrated Pericles and Philadelphia<\/a> compares Periclean Athens to a\n    great American city I lived in for a time.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ao2uzp3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ao2uzp3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The\n      Typical Athenian Soldier&#8217;s Burial<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-kpumz4m elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"kpumz4m\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2026\/08\/9807MID.jpg\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"9807MID\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6Mjg3OCwidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL2Jsb2dzLmhzYy5lZHVcL2RyamNsYXNzaWNzXC93cC1jb250ZW50XC91cGxvYWRzXC9zaXRlc1wvN1wvMjAyNlwvMDhcLzk4MDdNSUQuanBnIn0%3D\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"200\" height=\"136\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2026\/08\/9807MID.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-2878\" alt=\"Pericles&apos; Funeral Oration \u2014 photograph 2 of 23\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-g9znu0q elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"g9znu0q\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>In\n    his introduction to Pericles&#8217; Funeral Oration, the historian Thucydides explains the\n    time-honored practice of providing public funerals to Athenian soldiers killed in battle:\n      &#8220;The dead are laid in the public\n      sepulchre,\n    maintained for those who fall in war, in the most beautiful suburb of the city&#8230;&#8221; This &#8220;suburb&#8221; is the Keramikos, just north of the Agora,\n    and the site of state heroes&#8217; tombs from the fifth century onward. Pausanias tells us that\n    he even saw Pericles&#8217; own tomb there when he passed through in about 200 AD. We give our\n    statesmen equally honorable treatment upon their deaths.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6j6bgk5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6j6bgk5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The\n    Exceptional Place of Marathon<br>\n    in the Hearts of Athenians<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3sda2hp elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"3sda2hp\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2026\/08\/attica38MID-1.jpg\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"attica38MID\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6Mjg3OSwidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL2Jsb2dzLmhzYy5lZHVcL2RyamNsYXNzaWNzXC93cC1jb250ZW50XC91cGxvYWRzXC9zaXRlc1wvN1wvMjAyNlwvMDhcL2F0dGljYTM4TUlELTEuanBnIn0%3D\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"200\" height=\"134\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2026\/08\/attica38MID-1.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-2879\" alt=\"Pericles&apos; Funeral Oration \u2014 photograph 3 of 23\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-g0c6ohx elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"g0c6ohx\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Before\n    relating the speech that Pericles gives to honor those Athenian soldiers who fell during\n    the first year of the Peloponnesian War, Thucydides reminds us that a similar state-funded\n    ceremonial burial is afforded all Athenian war dead with the exception of those who a\n    generation earlier died at the4\n    Battle of Marathon:\n       &#8220;&#8230;who for their singular and extraordinary\n    valor were interred where they fell.&#8221;  Marathon is probably the most important battle in Greek History; it is\n    certainly the most celebrated. 192 Athenian soldiers died fighting the Persians at\n    Marathon, including the brother of the playwright Aeschylus.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-jn2iemn elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"jn2iemn\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2026\/08\/attica37-1.jpg\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"attica37\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6Mjg4MCwidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL2Jsb2dzLmhzYy5lZHVcL2RyamNsYXNzaWNzXC93cC1jb250ZW50XC91cGxvYWRzXC9zaXRlc1wvN1wvMjAyNlwvMDhcL2F0dGljYTM3LTEuanBnIn0%3D\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"68\" height=\"100\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2026\/08\/attica37-1.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-2880\" alt=\"Pericles&apos; Funeral Oration \u2014 photograph 4 of 23\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-r1et64y elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"r1et64y\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>They are buried in a grave mound called\n    the &#8220;soros&#8221; (upper left). A modern reconstruction of the ancient memorial\n    listing the names of the dead by tribe is on display as well (right). Our own Vietnam Memorial in Washington D.C. uses a similar\n    method of recognizing the very special sacrifice made by each and every American soldier\n    who died in the defense of freedom in South Vietnam (but go to Pericles and America for more on that).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e63n4bo elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e63n4bo\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The\n    Individual and the Community in Athens<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23xte0u elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"23xte0u\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Pericles praises\n    Athens for her form of government &#8211; democracy &#8211; because it is only in a democracy that\n    citizens are encouraged to contribute and participate in self-rule. Democracy brings\n    equality, merit brings public success, social and economic mobility is encouraged, the law\n    protects all:  &#8220;We alone consider\n    the man who refuses to take part in city affairs useless,&#8221;  Pericles announces. And he gets in a jab at Sparta\n    by proudly proclaiming that &#8220;rather\n    than look upon discussion as a stumbling-block in the way of action, we think it is an\n    indispensable preliminary to any wise action at all.&#8221;<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-33oeowy elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"33oeowy\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The institutions of Athenian democracy back\n    up Pericles&#8217; claim: ordinary citizens made up almost all the governing bodies of 5th\n    century Athens, including the <em>Ekklesia<\/em>, the <em>boule<\/em>, and the <em>prytaneis<\/em>.\n    The <em>Ekklesia<\/em>, or Assembly, which passed laws and made policy decisions, met on\n    the Hill of the Pnyx (all citizens were eligible to attend such meetings and speak up).\n    The <em>Boule<\/em>, or Council of the 500, was charged with administering decisions made\n    by the <em>Ekklesia<\/em> and met in the Bouleterion in the Agora. The <em>prytaneis<\/em>,\n    or &#8220;Presidential Council,&#8221; was a subcommittee of the <em>boule<\/em> and lived at\n    state expense in the <em>tholos<\/em>, or &#8220;Round Building&#8221; in the Agora. By\n      Pericles&#8217; time, the <em>Areopagus<\/em> (named for the Hill of Ares it sits on) had lost a\n    lot of its power since the previous era, but it was still the court where murder cases\n    were tried.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-x835k6v elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"x835k6v\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2026\/08\/athens6-1.jpg\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"athens6\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6Mjg4MSwidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL2Jsb2dzLmhzYy5lZHVcL2RyamNsYXNzaWNzXC93cC1jb250ZW50XC91cGxvYWRzXC9zaXRlc1wvN1wvMjAyNlwvMDhcL2F0aGVuczYtMS5qcGcifQ%3D%3D\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"100\" height=\"58\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2026\/08\/athens6-1.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-2881\" alt=\"Pericles&apos; Funeral Oration \u2014 photograph 5 of 23\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-hw4zgds elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"hw4zgds\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2026\/08\/9804-2.jpg\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"9804\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6Mjg4MiwidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL2Jsb2dzLmhzYy5lZHVcL2RyamNsYXNzaWNzXC93cC1jb250ZW50XC91cGxvYWRzXC9zaXRlc1wvN1wvMjAyNlwvMDhcLzk4MDQtMi5qcGcifQ%3D%3D\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"100\" height=\"67\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2026\/08\/9804-2.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-2882\" alt=\"Pericles&apos; Funeral Oration \u2014 photograph 6 of 23\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-jx7slct elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"jx7slct\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2026\/08\/9801areo.jpg\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"9801areo\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6Mjg4MywidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL2Jsb2dzLmhzYy5lZHVcL2RyamNsYXNzaWNzXC93cC1jb250ZW50XC91cGxvYWRzXC9zaXRlc1wvN1wvMjAyNlwvMDhcLzk4MDFhcmVvLmpwZyJ9\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"100\" height=\"68\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2026\/08\/9801areo.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-2883\" alt=\"Pericles&apos; Funeral Oration \u2014 photograph 7 of 23\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-kth06hg elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"kth06hg\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2026\/08\/9806-3.jpg\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"9806\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6Mjg4NCwidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL2Jsb2dzLmhzYy5lZHVcL2RyamNsYXNzaWNzXC93cC1jb250ZW50XC91cGxvYWRzXC9zaXRlc1wvN1wvMjAyNlwvMDhcLzk4MDYtMy5qcGcifQ%3D%3D\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"100\" height=\"67\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2026\/08\/9806-3.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-2884\" alt=\"Pericles&apos; Funeral Oration \u2014 photograph 8 of 23\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3dlg975 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3dlg975\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Pnyx<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8n1xmpr elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8n1xmpr\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Bouleterion<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-l7sz8u0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"l7sz8u0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Areopagus<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4xt0t4d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4xt0t4d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Tholos<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fukshfs elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fukshfs\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Go to <a href=\"PericlesPhiladelphia.shtm\">Pericles and Philadelphia<\/a> to see\n    some similarities concerning citizens&#8217; rights and responsibilities.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-tp8smr8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"tp8smr8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><br>\n    Pericles encourages his audience &#8220;to\n    realize the greatness of Athens&#8221; \n    and enjoy everything the city has to offer:<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-n1wyz3y elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"n1wyz3y\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>&#8220;Further, we provide many ways to\n    refresh the mind from the burdens of business. We hold contests and offer sacrifices all\n    the year round, and the elegance of our private establishments forms a daily source of\n    pleasure and helps to drive away sorrow. The magnitude of our city draws the produce of\n    the world into our harbor, so that to the Athenian the fruits of other countries are as\n    familiar a luxury as those of his own.&#8221;<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dlyhcgb elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"dlyhcgb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2026\/08\/IMG0084-1.jpg\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"IMG0084\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6Mjg4NSwidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL2Jsb2dzLmhzYy5lZHVcL2RyamNsYXNzaWNzXC93cC1jb250ZW50XC91cGxvYWRzXC9zaXRlc1wvN1wvMjAyNlwvMDhcL0lNRzAwODQtMS5qcGcifQ%3D%3D\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"100\" height=\"67\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2026\/08\/IMG0084-1.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-2885\" alt=\"Pericles&apos; Funeral Oration \u2014 photograph 9 of 23\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-63gdyjl elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"63gdyjl\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2026\/08\/9403-3.jpg\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"9403\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6Mjg4NiwidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL2Jsb2dzLmhzYy5lZHVcL2RyamNsYXNzaWNzXC93cC1jb250ZW50XC91cGxvYWRzXC9zaXRlc1wvN1wvMjAyNlwvMDhcLzk0MDMtMy5qcGcifQ%3D%3D\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"100\" height=\"70\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2026\/08\/9403-3.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-2886\" alt=\"Pericles&apos; Funeral Oration \u2014 photograph 10 of 23\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ywfp0w7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"ywfp0w7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2026\/08\/9402-10.jpg\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"9402\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6Mjg4NywidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL2Jsb2dzLmhzYy5lZHVcL2RyamNsYXNzaWNzXC93cC1jb250ZW50XC91cGxvYWRzXC9zaXRlc1wvN1wvMjAyNlwvMDhcLzk0MDItMTAuanBnIn0%3D\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"100\" height=\"66\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2026\/08\/9402-10.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-2887\" alt=\"Pericles&apos; Funeral Oration \u2014 photograph 11 of 23\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-x7jffw3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"x7jffw3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2026\/08\/9801-5.jpg\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"9801\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6Mjg4OCwidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL2Jsb2dzLmhzYy5lZHVcL2RyamNsYXNzaWNzXC93cC1jb250ZW50XC91cGxvYWRzXC9zaXRlc1wvN1wvMjAyNlwvMDhcLzk4MDEtNS5qcGcifQ%3D%3D\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"100\" height=\"66\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2026\/08\/9801-5.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-2888\" alt=\"Pericles&apos; Funeral Oration \u2014 photograph 12 of 23\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-kr2g854 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"kr2g854\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2026\/08\/9802-3.jpg\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"9802\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6Mjg4OSwidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL2Jsb2dzLmhzYy5lZHVcL2RyamNsYXNzaWNzXC93cC1jb250ZW50XC91cGxvYWRzXC9zaXRlc1wvN1wvMjAyNlwvMDhcLzk4MDItMy5qcGcifQ%3D%3D\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"100\" height=\"66\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2026\/08\/9802-3.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-2889\" alt=\"Pericles&apos; Funeral Oration \u2014 photograph 13 of 23\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-37vyhz9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"37vyhz9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>stadium<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-j1z2197 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"j1z2197\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>theater<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-zjbnzwk elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"zjbnzwk\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>agora<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ucogj19 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ucogj19\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>fruits of the harbor<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-xfh9a1a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"xfh9a1a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>more fruits!<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-q1u5lv2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"q1u5lv2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Athletic contests\n    would have taken place at the site of this modern marble stadium, built on the foundations\n    of the ancient stadium; theatrical competitions would have been produced in the <a href=\"..\/..\/sites\/athens\/SouthSlope\/southslope.shtm\">Theater of Dionysus<\/a>, on the\n    south slope of the Acropolis (musical and poetic exhibitions, as well as pre-theatrical\n    events, would have been produced in the Odeion built by Pericles &#8211; right next to the\n    Theater of Dionysus &#8211; but of which no remains really survive); citizens and visitors would\n    have congregated in the <a href=\"..\/..\/sites\/athens\/Agora\/agora.htm\">Agora<\/a> to converse\n    with neighbors and visitors, get the daily news, read public announcements, shop, and\n    perform whatever civic responsibilities they had. Socrates did. And the fruits of the\n    world are indeed available at Aegean ports such as Piraeus, Athens&#8217; harbor. All of this\n    contributes to the sense of community Pericles boasts about. The  &#8220;sacrifices&#8221;\n       he\n    mentions off-handedly are almost the only reference in his entire speech to the religious\n    aspect of the Athenians&#8217; lives, which brings us to Pericles&#8217; Building Program on the\n    Acropolis.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-rhh86f0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"rhh86f0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Pericles&#8217;\n    Building Program<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-thnt3hj elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"thnt3hj\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>What is\n      Pericles&#8217;\n    plan? Although a democratic state, Periclean Athens appears to have a philosophy similar\n    to that of the aristocratically-led Pesistratid Tyranny that preceded it in the sixth\n    century BC: to prove by a glorious show of wealth and power his deep-seated belief that\n    Athens is politically, economically, militarily, culturally and morally superior to her\n    neighbors. Compare the grandeur of these two buildings, the time-ravaged <a href=\"..\/..\/sites\/athens\/Temple%20of%20Olympian%20Zeus\/olympianzeus.htm\">Temple<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ybsx5c3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"ybsx5c3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2026\/08\/9401X-1.jpg\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"9401X\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6Mjg5MCwidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL2Jsb2dzLmhzYy5lZHVcL2RyamNsYXNzaWNzXC93cC1jb250ZW50XC91cGxvYWRzXC9zaXRlc1wvN1wvMjAyNlwvMDhcLzk0MDFYLTEuanBnIn0%3D\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"100\" height=\"67\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2026\/08\/9401X-1.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-2890\" alt=\"Pericles&apos; Funeral Oration \u2014 photograph 14 of 23\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cx03ds0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"cx03ds0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2026\/08\/IMG0029-1.jpg\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"IMG0029\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6Mjg5MSwidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL2Jsb2dzLmhzYy5lZHVcL2RyamNsYXNzaWNzXC93cC1jb250ZW50XC91cGxvYWRzXC9zaXRlc1wvN1wvMjAyNlwvMDhcL0lNRzAwMjktMS5qcGcifQ%3D%3D\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"100\" height=\"67\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2026\/08\/IMG0029-1.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-2891\" alt=\"Pericles&apos; Funeral Oration \u2014 photograph 15 of 23\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-u3zv1a9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"u3zv1a9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><a href=\"..\/..\/sites\/athens\/Temple%20of%20Olympian%20Zeus\/olympianzeus.htm\">of Olympian Zeus<\/a>\n    designed\u00a0 &#8211; but never built &#8211; by the Pesistratids (left), and Parthenon of Pericles\n    (right), who, by the way, was called the &#8220;Olympian&#8221; by his detractors. This\n    sense of superiority and arrogance (or is it justifiable pride?) comes through loud and\n    clear in Pericles&#8217; speech. Pericles is particularly proud of <strong> <a href=\"..\/..\/sites\/athens\/Temple%20of%20Olympian%20Zeus\/olympianzeus.htm\">of Olympian Zeus<\/a>\n    designed\u00a0 &#8211; but never built &#8211; by the Pesistratids (left), and Parthenon of Pericles\n    (right), who, by the way, was called the &#8220;Olympian&#8221; by his detractors. This\n    sense of superiority and arrogance (or is it justifiable pride?) comes through loud and\n    clear in Pericles&#8217; speech. Pericles is particularly proud of  &#8220;the imperishable monuments&#8221;  his generation will leave behind, as they stand as\n    incontrovertible proof of Athens&#8217; greatness:<\/strong><strong>&#8220;Such is the Athens for which these men, in\n    the assertion of their resolve not to lose her, nobly fought and died; and well may every\n    one of their survivors be ready to suffer in her cause.&#8221;<br>\n    <br>\n    And Pericles has reason to be proud &#8211; without\n    him, neither the Parthenon nor the Propylaia &#8211; or perhaps even the later Erechtheum and\n    Temple of Athena Nike &#8211; would have been built. For these buildings all belong to Pericles&#8217;\n    Great Building Program. <\/strong>\n    <strong>For a complete rundown on the\n    events that led to Athens&#8217; supremacy in the Aegean in the fifth century, go to\n    <a href=\"..\/..\/lectures\/history\/PersianWars\/persianwars.shtm\">Dr. J&#8217;s Illustrated Persian\n    Wars<\/a> and\n    <a href=\"..\/..\/lectures\/history\/ClassicalAge\/timeline.shtm\">Dr. J&#8217;s\n    Illustrated Classical Age<\/a> pages. But here are the basic important factors:<\/strong>\n    \n      \n        <strong>480: Persians attack\n        Athens and burn the buildings\/temples down. <br>\n        479: Greeks defeat Persia at Plataea and vow not to rebuild anything destroyed by the\n        Persians to keep the memory of their impiety fresh.<br>\n        477: formation of the Delian League, a protection racket run by Athens to keep Greek\n        colonies\/city-states safe from Persia<br>\n          454: Athens moves the League treasury from Delos to Athens (corrected\n          10\/13\/02)<br>\n        449: Athens comes to terms with Persia<br>\n        447: Athens begins building the Parthenon (with League funds!)<\/strong>\n      \n    \n      <strong>But Pericles wasn&#8217;t\n    without his political enemies, who riled up the Athenian populace against him, accusing\n    him of wasting state funds. Plutarch (an admittedly iffy historical source), provides\n      Pericles&#8217; brilliant retort and the people&#8217;s response:<\/strong>\n    <strong>&#8220;&#8216;Then be it charged to my\n    account, not yours &#8211; only let the new edifices be inscribed with my name, not that of the\n    people of Athens.&#8217; Whether it was that they admired the greatness of his spirit, or were\n    ambitious to share the glory of such magnificent works, they cried out that Pericles might\n    spend as much as he pleased of the public treasure, without sparing it in the least.&#8221;\n    (Plutarch&#8217;s <em>Life of\n    Pericles; <\/em>tr: Eduard C. Lindeman)<\/strong>\n    <strong>And so he did.<\/strong>\n    <strong>Another important detail is that\n    in 510 BC, the Oracle of Delphi had proclaimed that only temples and shrines should occupy\n    the Acropolis (up until that time, people actually lived on the rock). So it can be said\n    that Pericles was fulfilling the oracle&#8217;s decree &#8211; that he built a City of Temples to\n    honor the gods, providing a religious center on the Acropolis just as the Agora was the\n    civic center down below. But there are big holes in this argument.\u00a0 <\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-lnpjcfl elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"lnpjcfl\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2026\/08\/9602MID-1.jpg\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"9602MID\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6Mjg5MiwidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL2Jsb2dzLmhzYy5lZHVcL2RyamNsYXNzaWNzXC93cC1jb250ZW50XC91cGxvYWRzXC9zaXRlc1wvN1wvMjAyNlwvMDhcLzk2MDJNSUQtMS5qcGcifQ%3D%3D\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"200\" height=\"135\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2026\/08\/9602MID-1.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-2892\" alt=\"Pericles&apos; Funeral Oration \u2014 photograph 16 of 23\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-eoi4eia elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"eoi4eia\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The jewel in the\n    crown of Pericles&#8217; Building Project is certainly the Parthenon, the most glorious &#8211; and\n    enduring &#8211; of all Pericles&#8217; imperishable monuments to Athens&#8217; greatness. The Parthenon is\n    dedicated to Athena Parthenos, the Virgin Goddess of war, wisdom and weaving, and patron\n    goddess of the city (the pedimental sculptures tell the stories of her birth and her\n    victorious contest with Poseidon to be patron god of Athens). Inside the temple stood her\n    40 foot tall gold and ivory (chryselephantine) cult statue made by Pheidias, friend of\n      Pericles.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-vxo2vq8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"vxo2vq8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>But there\n    are clues all over the place that this magnificent building was intended to glorify not\n    only the goddess but also the mortal inhabitants of her city. Even the great frieze,\n    traditionally seen as the celebration of the Panathenaic Procession, in which the cult\n    statue of the goddess is honored with a new peplos (garment), suspiciously evokes images\n    of mortal victories: is it a coincidence that there are 192 Athenian soldiers featured on\n    the frieze when that is the exact number of Athenians who fell fighting the Persians at\n    Marathon? And the metopes of the temple do not concern Athena, but present four\n    mythological battles in which the underdog always wins. Again, these conflicts can easily\n    be interpreted as allegories of Athens&#8217; victory over the Persians. And, too, the cult\n    statue clothed at the end of the Panatheniac Procession so proudly carved into the walls\n    of the Parthenon was certainly <em>not<\/em> the one in the Parthenon. Nor was Pericles shy\n    about putting the building to secular (&#8220;non-religious&#8221;) uses &#8211; its <em>adyton<\/em>\n    (inner chamber) served as the Athenian treasury, where the Athenians eventually stored the\n    Delian League money after it was moved from Delos in 454.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-uip6co0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"uip6co0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Go to <a href=\"..\/..\/sites\/acropolis\/parthenon.shtm\">Dr. J&#8217;s Illustrated Parthenon<\/a> to learn more\n    about the building itself and to <a href=\"..\/..\/lectures\/ParthenonMarbles\/marbles.shtm\">Dr.\n    J&#8217;s Illustrated Parthenon Marbles<\/a> to see the magnificent artwork that still awes us\n    today.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-w42ewqe elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"w42ewqe\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2026\/08\/IMG0026MID.jpg\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"IMG0026MID\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6Mjg5MywidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL2Jsb2dzLmhzYy5lZHVcL2RyamNsYXNzaWNzXC93cC1jb250ZW50XC91cGxvYWRzXC9zaXRlc1wvN1wvMjAyNlwvMDhcL0lNRzAwMjZNSUQuanBnIn0%3D\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"200\" height=\"133\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2026\/08\/IMG0026MID.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-2893\" alt=\"Pericles&apos; Funeral Oration \u2014 photograph 17 of 23\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-i8cny70 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"i8cny70\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The other building commissioned by Pericles, the remains of which may also be found on the\n    Athenian Acropolis today, had absolutely nothing to do with worshipping the gods: the\n    Propylaia is Pericles&#8217; idea of a grand entrance (and he clearly had a knack for this sort\n    of thing!), but it serves a strictly secular function. Unfortunately, the Peloponnesian\n    War halted construction, and then Pericles died in 429, and that was the end of that &#8211; the\n    Propylaia was left as it was, never to be finished. See <a href=\"..\/..\/sites\/acropolis\/propylaia.shtm\">Dr. J&#8217;s Illustrated Propylaia<\/a>\n    for a good look.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ckn1e2w elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"ckn1e2w\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2026\/08\/9808MID.jpg\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"9808MID\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6Mjg5NCwidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL2Jsb2dzLmhzYy5lZHVcL2RyamNsYXNzaWNzXC93cC1jb250ZW50XC91cGxvYWRzXC9zaXRlc1wvN1wvMjAyNlwvMDhcLzk4MDhNSUQuanBnIn0%3D\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"200\" height=\"136\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2026\/08\/9808MID.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-2894\" alt=\"Pericles&apos; Funeral Oration \u2014 photograph 18 of 23\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-kz8eli2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"kz8eli2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Even\n    more telling is that after Pericles died, two more buildings were erected on the\n    Acropolis: the Temple of Athena Nike (below left) and the Erechtheum (below right). Some\n    scholars believe that these were included in Pericles&#8217; original plan, but they certainly\n    do seem to have a different character about them: they are smaller, more delicate, and\n    certainly more concerned with religious ritual and worship. The little temple on the left\n    is dedicated to Athena Nike (&#8220;Victory&#8221;) which shows gratitude to the patron\n    goddess for victory as opposed to pride in mortal accomplishment&#8230;and the other is the\n      Erechtheum, another temple to Athena (in fact, the one which would house the cult statue\n    of Athena Polias, terminus ad quem (goal) of the Panathenaic Procession). This building\n    was carefully planned so as to accommodate all sorts of older cults and shrines, so\n    terribly desecrated by the Persians in the previous generation.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-kgcnbiy elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"kgcnbiy\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Go to <a href=\"..\/..\/sites\/acropolis\/athenanike.shtm\">Dr. J&#8217;s Illustrated Temple of Athena Nike<\/a>\n    for a look at one of those 6th century shrines.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-qe0jdod elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"qe0jdod\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2026\/08\/9601MID-1.jpg\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"9601MID\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6Mjg5NSwidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL2Jsb2dzLmhzYy5lZHVcL2RyamNsYXNzaWNzXC93cC1jb250ZW50XC91cGxvYWRzXC9zaXRlc1wvN1wvMjAyNlwvMDhcLzk2MDFNSUQtMS5qcGcifQ%3D%3D\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"200\" height=\"134\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2026\/08\/9601MID-1.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-2895\" alt=\"Pericles&apos; Funeral Oration \u2014 photograph 19 of 23\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-aic2zfb elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"aic2zfb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2026\/08\/IMG0076MID.jpg\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"IMG0076MID\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6Mjg5NiwidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL2Jsb2dzLmhzYy5lZHVcL2RyamNsYXNzaWNzXC93cC1jb250ZW50XC91cGxvYWRzXC9zaXRlc1wvN1wvMjAyNlwvMDhcL0lNRzAwNzZNSUQuanBnIn0%3D\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"200\" height=\"133\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2026\/08\/IMG0076MID.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-2896\" alt=\"Pericles&apos; Funeral Oration \u2014 photograph 20 of 23\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-73kiaqj elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"73kiaqj\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Temple of Athena Nike<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-yabsmae elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"yabsmae\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><a href=\"..\/..\/sites\/acropolis\/erechtheum.shtm\">Erechtheum<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4pyz8xr elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4pyz8xr\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>It certainly\n    appears that Pericles was influenced by Protagoras&#8217; &#8220;man is the measure of all\n    things&#8221; approach to philosophy. Sophocles, consummate playwright and friend to\n    Pericles (he even acted as Treasurer of the Confederacy of Delos, appointed by Pericles\n    himself) struggled with the apparently irreconcilable claims of tribal affiliation\n    (family) and those of the state, or the clash of the sacred<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2tagul1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"2tagul1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2026\/08\/BMA27MID.jpg\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"BMA27MID\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6Mjg5NywidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL2Jsb2dzLmhzYy5lZHVcL2RyamNsYXNzaWNzXC93cC1jb250ZW50XC91cGxvYWRzXC9zaXRlc1wvN1wvMjAyNlwvMDhcL0JNQTI3TUlELmpwZyJ9\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"200\" height=\"167\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2026\/08\/BMA27MID.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-2897\" alt=\"Pericles&apos; Funeral Oration \u2014 photograph 21 of 23\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-xpfwe0x elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"xpfwe0x\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>and the\n    secular. In his play Antigone, Sophocles struggles with the\n    issue of the amazing disappearing gods in Periclean Athens. In response to such currents\n    of thought, members of the opposing faction passed a law forbidding atheism, a law which\n    caused Anaxagoras, cosmologist and personal friend of Pericles, to leave the city\n    permanently. (You may recall that in <a href=\"..\/Plato\/Socrates.shtm\">Plato&#8217;s <\/a> <em>Apology<\/em>,\n    Socrates&#8217; accusers confuse him with this same Anaxagoras). Plutarch even tells us that\n    Pheidias himself dies in jail, sent there on charges that he impiously carved a likeness\n    of himself and one of Pericles into the shield held by his very own statue of Athena. On\n    the right is a photo of a Roman marble copy of this shield. One of the standing figures on\n    the bottom is supposed to have been Pericles, but more on this soon, I hope&#8230;<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9wgc7dm elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9wgc7dm\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Is\n      Pericles&#8217; Speech a Eulogy or<br>\n    a Pep Rally\/Enlistment Drive?<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-occ4ft0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"occ4ft0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em>What <\/em>\n      \n    Pericles talks about in his oration is almost eclipsed in importance by <em>how<\/em> he\n    delivers the message. It is Pericles&#8217; rhetoric that makes this speech famous and the model for so many others in the\n    course of history (<a href=\"..\/..\/washington\/gettysburg.htm\">Lincoln&#8217;s Gettysburg Address<\/a> and\n      <a href=\"http:\/\/www.inform.umd.edu\/EdRes\/ReadingRoom\/Nonfiction\/Inaugural\/kennedy\">John F.\n    Kennedy&#8217;s inaugural address<\/a> come immediately to mind). <em>Rhetoric<\/em>\n    can be defined as &#8220;the power to persuade.&#8221; Throughout his speech, Pericles holds up glory as the richest incentive for\n    men to jump into the fray: Athens is a glorious city because of the sacrifices of previous\n    generations of men, and this generation, too, must shoulder its burden. And while fighting\n    for your country can help bring about a victory, it also has the benefit of bringing you\n    personal glory, something Pericles hawks as a rare and precious commodity and gained in no\n    other way but by dying for your country:<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pb2fx6g elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"pb2fx6g\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>&#8220;Realize for yourself the power of\n    Athens, and feed your eyes upon her day after day, till you become her devoted lover.\n    Then, when all her greatness breaks upon you, reflect that it was by courage, sense of\n    duty and a keen feeling of honor in action that men were enabled to win all this, and that\n    no personal failure in an enterprise could make them consent to deprive their country of\n    their valor, but they laid it at her feet as the most glorious contribution they could\n    offer. By this mutual offering of their lives made by them all, they each of them\n    individually received that renown which never grows old. For a sepulchre they have won not\n    so much that tomb in which their bones are here deposited, but that noblest of shrines\n    wherein their glory is laid up to be eternally remembered upon every occasion on which\n    deed or story shall fall for its commemoration. For heroes have the whole earth for their\n    tomb.&#8221;<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-vqmf8c4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"vqmf8c4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Pericles&#8217; speech is certainly\n    persuasive &#8211; and its emotionality is very much based in reality. It is a powerful thing to\n    see a <a href=\"PericlesAmerica.shtm\">nation<\/a> &#8211; or a <a href=\"PericlesPhiladelphia.shtm\">city<\/a> &#8211; mourn its war dead. In the end, do you\n    feel that Pericles&#8217; speech is a masterpiece of rhetoric? And if so, is this a positive or\n    negative?<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8m9gxrt elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"8m9gxrt\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2026\/08\/9801XMID.jpg\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"9801XMID\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6Mjg5OCwidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL2Jsb2dzLmhzYy5lZHVcL2RyamNsYXNzaWNzXC93cC1jb250ZW50XC91cGxvYWRzXC9zaXRlc1wvN1wvMjAyNlwvMDhcLzk4MDFYTUlELmpwZyJ9\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"200\" height=\"107\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2026\/08\/9801XMID.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-2898\" alt=\"Pericles&apos; Funeral Oration \u2014 photograph 22 of 23\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-r0q8hl8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"r0q8hl8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2026\/08\/9803MID.jpg\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"9803MID\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6Mjg5OSwidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL2Jsb2dzLmhzYy5lZHVcL2RyamNsYXNzaWNzXC93cC1jb250ZW50XC91cGxvYWRzXC9zaXRlc1wvN1wvMjAyNlwvMDhcLzk4MDNNSUQuanBnIn0%3D\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"122\" height=\"200\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2026\/08\/9803MID.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-2899\" alt=\"Pericles&apos; Funeral Oration \u2014 photograph 23 of 23\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-euhvpuo elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"euhvpuo\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Yes, these dead Athenians Pericles speaks of have won honor\n    and glory and thus a kind of immortality. And as long as we still speak of them and\n    remember them, they will endure. Curiously, though, in addition to being remembered for\n    his great contributions to culture and history, Pericles has also achieved a kind of\n    popular fame in the Greece of our age (although certainly not the kind of fame he\n    anticipated). Any politician would be honored to have a street named after him (above\n    left), but how about a tourist shop?!<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-przr0o6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"przr0o6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>excerpts of Pericles&#8217;\n    Funeral Oration taken from R. Crawely&#8217;s translation of Thucydides&#8217; <u>Peloponnesian War<\/u><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-nyvqdpa elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"nyvqdpa\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>To <a href=\"PericlesPhiladelphia.shtm\">Dr. J&#8217;s Illustrated Pericles and Philadelphia<\/a><br>\n    To <a href=\"PericlesAmerica.shtm\">Dr. J&#8217;s Illustrated Pericles and America<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>&#8220;Poets, priests and politicians have words to thank for their positions&#8230;&#8221; &#8220;Doo-doo-doo-de dah-dah dah&#8221; by The Police The purpose of this illustrated lecture is to provide context for the student who strives to understand what kind of place Periclean Athens was. Dr. J&#8217;s Illustrated Pericles and America lecture explains how fifth century Greek values compare [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":508,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-510","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/510","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=510"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/510\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1199,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/510\/revisions\/1199"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/508"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=510"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}