{"id":806,"date":"2019-11-12T22:24:19","date_gmt":"2019-11-13T03:24:19","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/?page_id=806"},"modified":"2026-08-05T23:47:36","modified_gmt":"2026-08-05T23:47:36","slug":"archaic-age","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/illustrated-lectures\/greek-history\/archaic-age\/","title":{"rendered":"Archaic Age"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"806\" class=\"elementor elementor-806 elementor-bc-flex-widget\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-tlg0n68 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"tlg0n68\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-25 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-7mya7f2\" data-id=\"7mya7f2\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fra7agi elementor-widget elementor-widget-drj_sidebar_nav\" data-id=\"fra7agi\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"drj_sidebar_nav.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<style>\r\n.drj-toggle:hover{background:#fff !important;box-shadow:0 0 0 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.15);}\r\n.drj-mobile-toggle-btn{display:none;}\r\n@media (max-width:767px){\r\n  .drj-mobile-toggle-btn{display:flex !important;}\r\n  #drj-sidebar-root.drj-mobile-collapsed{display:none !important;}\r\n}\r\n<\/style><button id=\"drj-mobile-nav-btn\" class=\"drj-mobile-toggle-btn\" aria-expanded=\"false\" style=\"width:100%;box-sizing:border-box;align-items:center;justify-content:center;gap:8px;background:#AC5A83;color:#000;border:2px solid #1a1a1a;border-radius:8px;padding:12px;font-size:15px;font-weight:700;cursor:pointer;margin-bottom:8px;\"><span style=\"font-size:18px;line-height:1;\">&#9776;<\/span><span class=\"drj-btn-label\">Open nav menu<\/span><\/button><div class=\"drj-sidebar drj-mobile-collapsed\" id=\"drj-sidebar-root\" style=\"display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:6px;\"><div class=\"drj-node\"><div style=\"display:flex;align-items:center;gap:6px;background:#AC5A83;color:#000;border:2px solid #1a1a1a;border-radius:8px;padding:9px 10px;\"><span class=\"drj-toggle\" data-target=\"drj-sec-790\" style=\"cursor:pointer;display:inline-flex;width:18px;height:18px;align-items:center;justify-content:center;flex-shrink:0;border:1px solid #1a1a1a;border-radius:3px;background:rgba(255,255,255,0.55);\"><span class=\"drj-arrow-symbol\" style=\"font-size:12px;font-weight:700;line-height:1;color:#000;\">&#8722;<\/span><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/illustrated-lectures\/\" style=\"color:#000;text-decoration:none;font-weight:700;font-size:15px;\">Dr. J&#039;s Illustrated Lectures<\/a><\/div><div class=\"drj-children\" id=\"drj-sec-790\" style=\"margin-top:3px;display:block;background:#F5EBF0;border-left:2px solid #AC5A83;border-radius:0 5px 5px 0;padding:2px 0 2px 8px;\"><div class=\"drj-node\"><div style=\"display:flex;align-items:center;gap:5px;padding:3px 0;\"><span style=\"display:inline-block;width:18px;flex-shrink:0;\"><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/illustrated-lectures\/greek-drama\/\" style=\"color:#000;text-decoration:none;font-size:13.5px;\">Greek Drama<\/a><\/div><\/div><div class=\"drj-node\"><div style=\"display:flex;align-items:center;gap:5px;padding:3px 0;\"><span class=\"drj-toggle\" data-target=\"drj-c-802\" style=\"cursor:pointer;display:inline-flex;width:18px;height:18px;align-items:center;justify-content:center;flex-shrink:0;border:1px solid #1a1a1a;border-radius:3px;background:rgba(255,255,255,0.55);\"><span class=\"drj-arrow-symbol\" style=\"font-size:12px;font-weight:700;line-height:1;color:#000;\">&#8722;<\/span><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/illustrated-lectures\/greek-history\/\" style=\"color:#000;text-decoration:none;font-size:13.5px;font-weight:700;text-decoration:underline;\">Greek History<\/a><\/div><div class=\"drj-children\" id=\"drj-c-802\" style=\"margin-left:18px;display:block;background:#F5EBF0;border-left:2px solid #AC5A83;border-radius:0 5px 5px 0;padding:2px 0 2px 8px;\"><div class=\"drj-node\"><div style=\"display:flex;align-items:center;gap:5px;padding:3px 0;\"><span style=\"display:inline-block;width:18px;flex-shrink:0;\"><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/illustrated-lectures\/greek-history\/archaic-age\/\" style=\"background:#FFD84D;border:1px solid #1a1a1a;border-radius:4px;padding:2px 7px;font-size:14px;font-weight:700;color:#000;text-decoration:none;display:inline-block;\">&#9679; Archaic Age<\/a><\/div><\/div><div class=\"drj-node\"><div style=\"display:flex;align-items:center;gap:5px;padding:3px 0;\"><span style=\"display:inline-block;width:18px;flex-shrink:0;\"><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/illustrated-lectures\/greek-history\/classical-age\/\" style=\"color:#000;text-decoration:none;font-size:13.5px;\">Classical Age<\/a><\/div><\/div><div class=\"drj-node\"><div style=\"display:flex;align-items:center;gap:5px;padding:3px 0;\"><span style=\"display:inline-block;width:18px;flex-shrink:0;\"><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/illustrated-lectures\/greek-history\/persian-wars\/\" style=\"color:#000;text-decoration:none;font-size:13.5px;\">Persian Wars<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"drj-node\"><div style=\"display:flex;align-items:center;gap:5px;padding:3px 0;\"><span style=\"display:inline-block;width:18px;flex-shrink:0;\"><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/illustrated-lectures\/greek-theater\/\" style=\"color:#000;text-decoration:none;font-size:13.5px;\">Greek Theater<\/a><\/div><\/div><div class=\"drj-node\"><div style=\"display:flex;align-items:center;gap:5px;padding:3px 0;\"><span style=\"display:inline-block;width:18px;flex-shrink:0;\"><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/illustrated-lectures\/parthenon-marbles\/\" style=\"color:#000;text-decoration:none;font-size:13.5px;\">Parthenon Marbles<\/a><\/div><\/div><div class=\"drj-node\"><div style=\"display:flex;align-items:center;gap:5px;padding:3px 0;\"><span style=\"display:inline-block;width:18px;flex-shrink:0;\"><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/illustrated-lectures\/road-to-the-recovery-of-ancient-buildings\/\" style=\"color:#000;text-decoration:none;font-size:13.5px;\">Road to the Recovery of Ancient Buildings<\/a><\/div><\/div><div class=\"drj-node\"><div style=\"display:flex;align-items:center;gap:5px;padding:3px 0;\"><span style=\"display:inline-block;width:18px;flex-shrink:0;\"><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/illustrated-lectures\/the-mythic-hero\/\" style=\"color:#000;text-decoration:none;font-size:13.5px;\">The Mythic Hero<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"drj-node\"><div style=\"display:flex;align-items:center;gap:6px;background:#257CA8;color:#000;border:2px solid #1a1a1a;border-radius:8px;padding:9px 10px;\"><span class=\"drj-toggle\" data-target=\"drj-sec-26\" style=\"cursor:pointer;display:inline-flex;width:18px;height:18px;align-items:center;justify-content:center;flex-shrink:0;border:1px solid #1a1a1a;border-radius:3px;background:rgba(255,255,255,0.55);\"><span class=\"drj-arrow-symbol\" style=\"font-size:12px;font-weight:700;line-height:1;color:#000;\">+<\/span><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/greece\/\" style=\"color:#000;text-decoration:none;font-weight:700;font-size:15px;\">Dr. J&#039;s Illustrated Sites of Greece<\/a><\/div><div class=\"drj-children\" id=\"drj-sec-26\" style=\"margin-top:3px;display:none;background:#E5EFF5;border-left:2px solid #257CA8;border-radius:0 5px 5px 0;padding:2px 0 2px 8px;\"><div class=\"drj-node\"><div style=\"display:flex;align-items:center;gap:5px;padding:3px 0;\"><span class=\"drj-toggle\" data-target=\"drj-c-360\" style=\"cursor:pointer;display:inline-flex;width:18px;height:18px;align-items:center;justify-content:center;flex-shrink:0;border:1px solid #1a1a1a;border-radius:3px;background:rgba(255,255,255,0.55);\"><span class=\"drj-arrow-symbol\" style=\"font-size:12px;font-weight:700;line-height:1;color:#000;\">+<\/span><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/greece\/argolid\/\" style=\"color:#000;text-decoration:none;font-size:13.5px;\">Argolid<\/a><\/div><div class=\"drj-children\" id=\"drj-c-360\" style=\"margin-left:18px;display:none;background:#E5EFF5;border-left:2px solid #257CA8;border-radius:0 5px 5px 0;padding:2px 0 2px 8px;\"><div class=\"drj-node\"><div style=\"display:flex;align-items:center;gap:5px;padding:3px 0;\"><span style=\"display:inline-block;width:18px;flex-shrink:0;\"><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/greece\/argolid\/epidavros\/\" style=\"color:#000;text-decoration:none;font-size:13.5px;\">Epidavros<\/a><\/div><\/div><div class=\"drj-node\"><div style=\"display:flex;align-items:center;gap:5px;padding:3px 0;\"><span class=\"drj-toggle\" data-target=\"drj-c-366\" style=\"cursor:pointer;display:inline-flex;width:18px;height:18px;align-items:center;justify-content:center;flex-shrink:0;border:1px solid #1a1a1a;border-radius:3px;background:rgba(255,255,255,0.55);\"><span class=\"drj-arrow-symbol\" style=\"font-size:12px;font-weight:700;line-height:1;color:#000;\">+<\/span><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/greece\/argolid\/mycenae\/\" style=\"color:#000;text-decoration:none;font-size:13.5px;\">Mycenae<\/a><\/div><div class=\"drj-children\" id=\"drj-c-366\" style=\"margin-left:18px;display:none;background:#E5EFF5;border-left:2px solid #257CA8;border-radius:0 5px 5px 0;padding:2px 0 2px 8px;\"><div class=\"drj-node\"><div style=\"display:flex;align-items:center;gap:5px;padding:3px 0;\"><span style=\"display:inline-block;width:18px;flex-shrink:0;\"><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/greece\/argolid\/mycenae\/cistern\/\" style=\"color:#000;text-decoration:none;font-size:13.5px;\">Cistern<\/a><\/div><\/div><div class=\"drj-node\"><div style=\"display:flex;align-items:center;gap:5px;padding:3px 0;\"><span style=\"display:inline-block;width:18px;flex-shrink:0;\"><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/greece\/argolid\/mycenae\/clytemnestras-tomb\/\" style=\"color:#000;text-decoration:none;font-size:13.5px;\">Clytemnestra&#8217;s Tomb<\/a><\/div><\/div><div class=\"drj-node\"><div style=\"display:flex;align-items:center;gap:5px;padding:3px 0;\"><span style=\"display:inline-block;width:18px;flex-shrink:0;\"><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/greece\/argolid\/mycenae\/grave-circles\/\" style=\"color:#000;text-decoration:none;font-size:13.5px;\">Grave Circles<\/a><\/div><\/div><div class=\"drj-node\"><div style=\"display:flex;align-items:center;gap:5px;padding:3px 0;\"><span style=\"display:inline-block;width:18px;flex-shrink:0;\"><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/greece\/argolid\/mycenae\/kings-megaron\/\" style=\"color:#000;text-decoration:none;font-size:13.5px;\">King&#8217;s Megaron<\/a><\/div><\/div><div class=\"drj-node\"><div style=\"display:flex;align-items:center;gap:5px;padding:3px 0;\"><span style=\"display:inline-block;width:18px;flex-shrink:0;\"><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/greece\/argolid\/mycenae\/lion-tomb\/\" style=\"color:#000;text-decoration:none;font-size:13.5px;\">Lion Tomb<\/a><\/div><\/div><div class=\"drj-node\"><div style=\"display:flex;align-items:center;gap:5px;padding:3px 0;\"><span style=\"display:inline-block;width:18px;flex-shrink:0;\"><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/greece\/argolid\/mycenae\/lions-gate\/\" style=\"color:#000;text-decoration:none;font-size:13.5px;\">Lion&#8217;s Gate<\/a><\/div><\/div><div class=\"drj-node\"><div style=\"display:flex;align-items:center;gap:5px;padding:3px 0;\"><span style=\"display:inline-block;width:18px;flex-shrink:0;\"><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/greece\/argolid\/mycenae\/treasury-of-atreus\/\" style=\"color:#000;text-decoration:none;font-size:13.5px;\">Treasury of Atreus<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"drj-node\"><div style=\"display:flex;align-items:center;gap:5px;padding:3px 0;\"><span style=\"display:inline-block;width:18px;flex-shrink:0;\"><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/greece\/argolid\/nauplion\/\" style=\"color:#000;text-decoration:none;font-size:13.5px;\">Nauplion<\/a><\/div><\/div><div class=\"drj-node\"><div style=\"display:flex;align-items:center;gap:5px;padding:3px 0;\"><span style=\"display:inline-block;width:18px;flex-shrink:0;\"><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/greece\/argolid\/tiryns\/\" style=\"color:#000;text-decoration:none;font-size:13.5px;\">Tiryns<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"drj-node\"><div style=\"display:flex;align-items:center;gap:5px;padding:3px 0;\"><span class=\"drj-toggle\" data-target=\"drj-c-30\" style=\"cursor:pointer;display:inline-flex;width:18px;height:18px;align-items:center;justify-content:center;flex-shrink:0;border:1px solid #1a1a1a;border-radius:3px;background:rgba(255,255,255,0.55);\"><span class=\"drj-arrow-symbol\" style=\"font-size:12px;font-weight:700;line-height:1;color:#000;\">+<\/span><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/greece\/athens\/\" style=\"color:#000;text-decoration:none;font-size:13.5px;\">Athens<\/a><\/div><div class=\"drj-children\" id=\"drj-c-30\" style=\"margin-left:18px;display:none;background:#E5EFF5;border-left:2px solid #257CA8;border-radius:0 5px 5px 0;padding:2px 0 2px 8px;\"><div class=\"drj-node\"><div style=\"display:flex;align-items:center;gap:5px;padding:3px 0;\"><span style=\"display:inline-block;width:18px;flex-shrink:0;\"><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/greece\/athens\/acropolis\/\" style=\"color:#000;text-decoration:none;font-size:13.5px;\">Acropolis<\/a><\/div><\/div><div class=\"drj-node\"><div style=\"display:flex;align-items:center;gap:5px;padding:3px 0;\"><span style=\"display:inline-block;width:18px;flex-shrink:0;\"><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/greece\/athens\/acropolis-museum\/\" style=\"color:#000;text-decoration:none;font-size:13.5px;\">Acropolis Museum<\/a><\/div><\/div><div class=\"drj-node\"><div style=\"display:flex;align-items:center;gap:5px;padding:3px 0;\"><span style=\"display:inline-block;width:18px;flex-shrink:0;\"><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/greece\/athens\/agora\/\" style=\"color:#000;text-decoration:none;font-size:13.5px;\">Agora<\/a><\/div><\/div><div class=\"drj-node\"><div style=\"display:flex;align-items:center;gap:5px;padding:3px 0;\"><span style=\"display:inline-block;width:18px;flex-shrink:0;\"><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/greece\/athens\/arch-of-hadrian\/\" style=\"color:#000;text-decoration:none;font-size:13.5px;\">Arch of Hadrian<\/a><\/div><\/div><div class=\"drj-node\"><div style=\"display:flex;align-items:center;gap:5px;padding:3px 0;\"><span style=\"display:inline-block;width:18px;flex-shrink:0;\"><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/greece\/athens\/areopagus\/\" style=\"color:#000;text-decoration:none;font-size:13.5px;\">Areopagus<\/a><\/div><\/div><div class=\"drj-node\"><div style=\"display:flex;align-items:center;gap:5px;padding:3px 0;\"><span style=\"display:inline-block;width:18px;flex-shrink:0;\"><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/greece\/athens\/choregic-monument-of-lysikrates\/\" style=\"color:#000;text-decoration:none;font-size:13.5px;\">Choregic Monument of Lysikrates<\/a><\/div><\/div><div class=\"drj-node\"><div style=\"display:flex;align-items:center;gap:5px;padding:3px 0;\"><span style=\"display:inline-block;width:18px;flex-shrink:0;\"><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/greece\/athens\/choregic-monument-of-thrasyllos\/\" style=\"color:#000;text-decoration:none;font-size:13.5px;\">Choregic Monument of Thrasyllos<\/a><\/div><\/div><div class=\"drj-node\"><div style=\"display:flex;align-items:center;gap:5px;padding:3px 0;\"><span style=\"display:inline-block;width:18px;flex-shrink:0;\"><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/greece\/athens\/erechtheum\/\" style=\"color:#000;text-decoration:none;font-size:13.5px;\">Erechtheum<\/a><\/div><\/div><div class=\"drj-node\"><div style=\"display:flex;align-items:center;gap:5px;padding:3px 0;\"><span style=\"display:inline-block;width:18px;flex-shrink:0;\"><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/greece\/athens\/keramikos\/\" style=\"color:#000;text-decoration:none;font-size:13.5px;\">Keramikos<\/a><\/div><\/div><div class=\"drj-node\"><div style=\"display:flex;align-items:center;gap:5px;padding:3px 0;\"><span style=\"display:inline-block;width:18px;flex-shrink:0;\"><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/greece\/athens\/parthenon\/\" style=\"color:#000;text-decoration:none;font-size:13.5px;\">Parthenon<\/a><\/div><\/div><div class=\"drj-node\"><div style=\"display:flex;align-items:center;gap:5px;padding:3px 0;\"><span style=\"display:inline-block;width:18px;flex-shrink:0;\"><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/greece\/athens\/philopappos-hill\/\" style=\"color:#000;text-decoration:none;font-size:13.5px;\">Philopappos Hill<\/a><\/div><\/div><div class=\"drj-node\"><div style=\"display:flex;align-items:center;gap:5px;padding:3px 0;\"><span style=\"display:inline-block;width:18px;flex-shrink:0;\"><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/greece\/athens\/propylaia\/\" style=\"color:#000;text-decoration:none;font-size:13.5px;\">Propylaia<\/a><\/div><\/div><div class=\"drj-node\"><div style=\"display:flex;align-items:center;gap:5px;padding:3px 0;\"><span style=\"display:inline-block;width:18px;flex-shrink:0;\"><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/greece\/athens\/pynx\/\" style=\"color:#000;text-decoration:none;font-size:13.5px;\">Pynx<\/a><\/div><\/div><div class=\"drj-node\"><div style=\"display:flex;align-items:center;gap:5px;padding:3px 0;\"><span class=\"drj-toggle\" data-target=\"drj-c-237\" style=\"cursor:pointer;display:inline-flex;width:18px;height:18px;align-items:center;justify-content:center;flex-shrink:0;border:1px solid #1a1a1a;border-radius:3px;background:rgba(255,255,255,0.55);\"><span class=\"drj-arrow-symbol\" style=\"font-size:12px;font-weight:700;line-height:1;color:#000;\">+<\/span><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/greece\/athens\/south-slope\/\" style=\"color:#000;text-decoration:none;font-size:13.5px;\">South Slope<\/a><\/div><div class=\"drj-children\" id=\"drj-c-237\" style=\"margin-left:18px;display:none;background:#E5EFF5;border-left:2px solid #257CA8;border-radius:0 5px 5px 0;padding:2px 0 2px 8px;\"><div class=\"drj-node\"><div style=\"display:flex;align-items:center;gap:5px;padding:3px 0;\"><span style=\"display:inline-block;width:18px;flex-shrink:0;\"><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/greece\/athens\/south-slope\/theater-of-dionysus\/\" style=\"color:#000;text-decoration:none;font-size:13.5px;\">Theater of Dionysus<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"drj-node\"><div style=\"display:flex;align-items:center;gap:5px;padding:3px 0;\"><span style=\"display:inline-block;width:18px;flex-shrink:0;\"><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/greece\/athens\/stoa-of-eumenes-and-odeum-of-herodes-atticus\/\" style=\"color:#000;text-decoration:none;font-size:13.5px;\">Stoa of Eumenes and Odeum of Herodes Atticus<\/a><\/div><\/div><div class=\"drj-node\"><div style=\"display:flex;align-items:center;gap:5px;padding:3px 0;\"><span style=\"display:inline-block;width:18px;flex-shrink:0;\"><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/greece\/athens\/temple-of-asklepios-building-complex\/\" style=\"color:#000;text-decoration:none;font-size:13.5px;\">Temple of Asklepios Building Complex<\/a><\/div><\/div><div class=\"drj-node\"><div style=\"display:flex;align-items:center;gap:5px;padding:3px 0;\"><span style=\"display:inline-block;width:18px;flex-shrink:0;\"><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/greece\/athens\/athena-nike\/\" style=\"color:#000;text-decoration:none;font-size:13.5px;\">Temple of Athena Nike<\/a><\/div><\/div><div class=\"drj-node\"><div style=\"display:flex;align-items:center;gap:5px;padding:3px 0;\"><span style=\"display:inline-block;width:18px;flex-shrink:0;\"><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/greece\/athens\/temple-of-olympian-zeus\/\" style=\"color:#000;text-decoration:none;font-size:13.5px;\">Temple of Olympian Zeus<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"drj-node\"><div style=\"display:flex;align-items:center;gap:5px;padding:3px 0;\"><span class=\"drj-toggle\" data-target=\"drj-c-298\" style=\"cursor:pointer;display:inline-flex;width:18px;height:18px;align-items:center;justify-content:center;flex-shrink:0;border:1px solid #1a1a1a;border-radius:3px;background:rgba(255,255,255,0.55);\"><span class=\"drj-arrow-symbol\" style=\"font-size:12px;font-weight:700;line-height:1;color:#000;\">+<\/span><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/greece\/attica\/\" style=\"color:#000;text-decoration:none;font-size:13.5px;\">Attica<\/a><\/div><div class=\"drj-children\" id=\"drj-c-298\" style=\"margin-left:18px;display:none;background:#E5EFF5;border-left:2px solid #257CA8;border-radius:0 5px 5px 0;padding:2px 0 2px 8px;\"><div class=\"drj-node\"><div style=\"display:flex;align-items:center;gap:5px;padding:3px 0;\"><span style=\"display:inline-block;width:18px;flex-shrink:0;\"><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/greece\/attica\/eleusis\/\" style=\"color:#000;text-decoration:none;font-size:13.5px;\">Eleusis<\/a><\/div><\/div><div class=\"drj-node\"><div style=\"display:flex;align-items:center;gap:5px;padding:3px 0;\"><span style=\"display:inline-block;width:18px;flex-shrink:0;\"><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/greece\/attica\/sounion\/\" style=\"color:#000;text-decoration:none;font-size:13.5px;\">Sounion<\/a><\/div><\/div><div class=\"drj-node\"><div style=\"display:flex;align-items:center;gap:5px;padding:3px 0;\"><span style=\"display:inline-block;width:18px;flex-shrink:0;\"><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/greece\/attica\/thorikos\/\" style=\"color:#000;text-decoration:none;font-size:13.5px;\">Thorikos<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"drj-node\"><div style=\"display:flex;align-items:center;gap:5px;padding:3px 0;\"><span class=\"drj-toggle\" data-target=\"drj-c-346\" style=\"cursor:pointer;display:inline-flex;width:18px;height:18px;align-items:center;justify-content:center;flex-shrink:0;border:1px solid #1a1a1a;border-radius:3px;background:rgba(255,255,255,0.55);\"><span class=\"drj-arrow-symbol\" style=\"font-size:12px;font-weight:700;line-height:1;color:#000;\">+<\/span><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/greece\/boeotia\/\" style=\"color:#000;text-decoration:none;font-size:13.5px;\">Boeotia<\/a><\/div><div class=\"drj-children\" id=\"drj-c-346\" style=\"margin-left:18px;display:none;background:#E5EFF5;border-left:2px solid #257CA8;border-radius:0 5px 5px 0;padding:2px 0 2px 8px;\"><div class=\"drj-node\"><div style=\"display:flex;align-items:center;gap:5px;padding:3px 0;\"><span style=\"display:inline-block;width:18px;flex-shrink:0;\"><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/greece\/boeotia\/chaironeia\/\" style=\"color:#000;text-decoration:none;font-size:13.5px;\">Chaironeia<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"drj-node\"><div style=\"display:flex;align-items:center;gap:5px;padding:3px 0;\"><span class=\"drj-toggle\" data-target=\"drj-c-330\" style=\"cursor:pointer;display:inline-flex;width:18px;height:18px;align-items:center;justify-content:center;flex-shrink:0;border:1px solid #1a1a1a;border-radius:3px;background:rgba(255,255,255,0.55);\"><span class=\"drj-arrow-symbol\" style=\"font-size:12px;font-weight:700;line-height:1;color:#000;\">+<\/span><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/greece\/corinthia\/\" style=\"color:#000;text-decoration:none;font-size:13.5px;\">Corinthia<\/a><\/div><div class=\"drj-children\" id=\"drj-c-330\" style=\"margin-left:18px;display:none;background:#E5EFF5;border-left:2px solid #257CA8;border-radius:0 5px 5px 0;padding:2px 0 2px 8px;\"><div class=\"drj-node\"><div style=\"display:flex;align-items:center;gap:5px;padding:3px 0;\"><span style=\"display:inline-block;width:18px;flex-shrink:0;\"><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/greece\/corinthia\/corinth\/\" style=\"color:#000;text-decoration:none;font-size:13.5px;\">Corinth<\/a><\/div><\/div><div class=\"drj-node\"><div style=\"display:flex;align-items:center;gap:5px;padding:3px 0;\"><span style=\"display:inline-block;width:18px;flex-shrink:0;\"><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/greece\/corinthia\/isthmia\/\" style=\"color:#000;text-decoration:none;font-size:13.5px;\">Isthmia<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"drj-node\"><div style=\"display:flex;align-items:center;gap:5px;padding:3px 0;\"><span class=\"drj-toggle\" data-target=\"drj-c-477\" style=\"cursor:pointer;display:inline-flex;width:18px;height:18px;align-items:center;justify-content:center;flex-shrink:0;border:1px solid #1a1a1a;border-radius:3px;background:rgba(255,255,255,0.55);\"><span class=\"drj-arrow-symbol\" style=\"font-size:12px;font-weight:700;line-height:1;color:#000;\">+<\/span><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/greece\/crete\/\" style=\"color:#000;text-decoration:none;font-size:13.5px;\">Crete<\/a><\/div><div class=\"drj-children\" id=\"drj-c-477\" style=\"margin-left:18px;display:none;background:#E5EFF5;border-left:2px solid #257CA8;border-radius:0 5px 5px 0;padding:2px 0 2px 8px;\"><div class=\"drj-node\"><div style=\"display:flex;align-items:center;gap:5px;padding:3px 0;\"><span style=\"display:inline-block;width:18px;flex-shrink:0;\"><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/greece\/crete\/cnossos\/\" style=\"color:#000;text-decoration:none;font-size:13.5px;\">Cnossos<\/a><\/div><\/div><div class=\"drj-node\"><div style=\"display:flex;align-items:center;gap:5px;padding:3px 0;\"><span style=\"display:inline-block;width:18px;flex-shrink:0;\"><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/greece\/crete\/phaistos\/\" style=\"color:#000;text-decoration:none;font-size:13.5px;\">Phaistos<\/a><\/div><\/div><div class=\"drj-node\"><div style=\"display:flex;align-items:center;gap:5px;padding:3px 0;\"><span style=\"display:inline-block;width:18px;flex-shrink:0;\"><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/greece\/crete\/zakros\/\" style=\"color:#000;text-decoration:none;font-size:13.5px;\">Zakros<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"drj-node\"><div style=\"display:flex;align-items:center;gap:5px;padding:3px 0;\"><span class=\"drj-toggle\" data-target=\"drj-c-471\" style=\"cursor:pointer;display:inline-flex;width:18px;height:18px;align-items:center;justify-content:center;flex-shrink:0;border:1px solid #1a1a1a;border-radius:3px;background:rgba(255,255,255,0.55);\"><span class=\"drj-arrow-symbol\" style=\"font-size:12px;font-weight:700;line-height:1;color:#000;\">+<\/span><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/greece\/cycladic-islands\/\" style=\"color:#000;text-decoration:none;font-size:13.5px;\">Cycladic Islands<\/a><\/div><div class=\"drj-children\" id=\"drj-c-471\" style=\"margin-left:18px;display:none;background:#E5EFF5;border-left:2px solid #257CA8;border-radius:0 5px 5px 0;padding:2px 0 2px 8px;\"><div class=\"drj-node\"><div style=\"display:flex;align-items:center;gap:5px;padding:3px 0;\"><span style=\"display:inline-block;width:18px;flex-shrink:0;\"><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/greece\/cycladic-islands\/delos\/\" style=\"color:#000;text-decoration:none;font-size:13.5px;\">Delos<\/a><\/div><\/div><div class=\"drj-node\"><div style=\"display:flex;align-items:center;gap:5px;padding:3px 0;\"><span style=\"display:inline-block;width:18px;flex-shrink:0;\"><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/greece\/cycladic-islands\/santorini\/\" style=\"color:#000;text-decoration:none;font-size:13.5px;\">Santorini<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"drj-node\"><div style=\"display:flex;align-items:center;gap:5px;padding:3px 0;\"><span class=\"drj-toggle\" data-target=\"drj-c-446\" style=\"cursor:pointer;display:inline-flex;width:18px;height:18px;align-items:center;justify-content:center;flex-shrink:0;border:1px solid #1a1a1a;border-radius:3px;background:rgba(255,255,255,0.55);\"><span class=\"drj-arrow-symbol\" style=\"font-size:12px;font-weight:700;line-height:1;color:#000;\">+<\/span><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/greece\/eleia\/\" style=\"color:#000;text-decoration:none;font-size:13.5px;\">Eleia<\/a><\/div><div class=\"drj-children\" id=\"drj-c-446\" style=\"margin-left:18px;display:none;background:#E5EFF5;border-left:2px solid #257CA8;border-radius:0 5px 5px 0;padding:2px 0 2px 8px;\"><div class=\"drj-node\"><div style=\"display:flex;align-items:center;gap:5px;padding:3px 0;\"><span class=\"drj-toggle\" data-target=\"drj-c-448\" style=\"cursor:pointer;display:inline-flex;width:18px;height:18px;align-items:center;justify-content:center;flex-shrink:0;border:1px solid #1a1a1a;border-radius:3px;background:rgba(255,255,255,0.55);\"><span class=\"drj-arrow-symbol\" style=\"font-size:12px;font-weight:700;line-height:1;color:#000;\">+<\/span><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/greece\/eleia\/olympia\/\" style=\"color:#000;text-decoration:none;font-size:13.5px;\">Olympia<\/a><\/div><div class=\"drj-children\" id=\"drj-c-448\" style=\"margin-left:18px;display:none;background:#E5EFF5;border-left:2px solid #257CA8;border-radius:0 5px 5px 0;padding:2px 0 2px 8px;\"><div class=\"drj-node\"><div style=\"display:flex;align-items:center;gap:5px;padding:3px 0;\"><span style=\"display:inline-block;width:18px;flex-shrink:0;\"><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/greece\/eleia\/olympia\/olympia-museum\/\" style=\"color:#000;text-decoration:none;font-size:13.5px;\">Olympia Museum<\/a><\/div><\/div><div class=\"drj-node\"><div style=\"display:flex;align-items:center;gap:5px;padding:3px 0;\"><span style=\"display:inline-block;width:18px;flex-shrink:0;\"><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/greece\/eleia\/olympia\/olympics\/\" style=\"color:#000;text-decoration:none;font-size:13.5px;\">Olympics<\/a><\/div><\/div><div class=\"drj-node\"><div style=\"display:flex;align-items:center;gap:5px;padding:3px 0;\"><span style=\"display:inline-block;width:18px;flex-shrink:0;\"><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/greece\/eleia\/olympia\/sacred-precinct-altis\/\" style=\"color:#000;text-decoration:none;font-size:13.5px;\">Sacred Precinct (Altis)<\/a><\/div><\/div><div class=\"drj-node\"><div style=\"display:flex;align-items:center;gap:5px;padding:3px 0;\"><span style=\"display:inline-block;width:18px;flex-shrink:0;\"><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/greece\/eleia\/olympia\/site-of-olympia\/\" style=\"color:#000;text-decoration:none;font-size:13.5px;\">Site of Olympia<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"drj-node\"><div style=\"display:flex;align-items:center;gap:5px;padding:3px 0;\"><span class=\"drj-toggle\" data-target=\"drj-c-319\" style=\"cursor:pointer;display:inline-flex;width:18px;height:18px;align-items:center;justify-content:center;flex-shrink:0;border:1px solid #1a1a1a;border-radius:3px;background:rgba(255,255,255,0.55);\"><span class=\"drj-arrow-symbol\" style=\"font-size:12px;font-weight:700;line-height:1;color:#000;\">+<\/span><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/greece\/messenia\/\" style=\"color:#000;text-decoration:none;font-size:13.5px;\">Messenia<\/a><\/div><div class=\"drj-children\" id=\"drj-c-319\" style=\"margin-left:18px;display:none;background:#E5EFF5;border-left:2px solid #257CA8;border-radius:0 5px 5px 0;padding:2px 0 2px 8px;\"><div class=\"drj-node\"><div style=\"display:flex;align-items:center;gap:5px;padding:3px 0;\"><span style=\"display:inline-block;width:18px;flex-shrink:0;\"><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/greece\/messenia\/pylos\/\" style=\"color:#000;text-decoration:none;font-size:13.5px;\">Pylos<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"drj-node\"><div style=\"display:flex;align-items:center;gap:5px;padding:3px 0;\"><span class=\"drj-toggle\" data-target=\"drj-c-405\" style=\"cursor:pointer;display:inline-flex;width:18px;height:18px;align-items:center;justify-content:center;flex-shrink:0;border:1px solid #1a1a1a;border-radius:3px;background:rgba(255,255,255,0.55);\"><span class=\"drj-arrow-symbol\" style=\"font-size:12px;font-weight:700;line-height:1;color:#000;\">+<\/span><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/greece\/northern-greece\/\" style=\"color:#000;text-decoration:none;font-size:13.5px;\">Northern Greece<\/a><\/div><div class=\"drj-children\" id=\"drj-c-405\" style=\"margin-left:18px;display:none;background:#E5EFF5;border-left:2px solid #257CA8;border-radius:0 5px 5px 0;padding:2px 0 2px 8px;\"><div class=\"drj-node\"><div style=\"display:flex;align-items:center;gap:5px;padding:3px 0;\"><span class=\"drj-toggle\" data-target=\"drj-c-412\" style=\"cursor:pointer;display:inline-flex;width:18px;height:18px;align-items:center;justify-content:center;flex-shrink:0;border:1px solid #1a1a1a;border-radius:3px;background:rgba(255,255,255,0.55);\"><span class=\"drj-arrow-symbol\" style=\"font-size:12px;font-weight:700;line-height:1;color:#000;\">+<\/span><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/greece\/northern-greece\/delphi\/\" style=\"color:#000;text-decoration:none;font-size:13.5px;\">Delphi<\/a><\/div><div class=\"drj-children\" id=\"drj-c-412\" style=\"margin-left:18px;display:none;background:#E5EFF5;border-left:2px solid #257CA8;border-radius:0 5px 5px 0;padding:2px 0 2px 8px;\"><div class=\"drj-node\"><div style=\"display:flex;align-items:center;gap:5px;padding:3px 0;\"><span style=\"display:inline-block;width:18px;flex-shrink:0;\"><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/greece\/northern-greece\/delphi\/castalian-spring\/\" style=\"color:#000;text-decoration:none;font-size:13.5px;\">Castalian Spring<\/a><\/div><\/div><div class=\"drj-node\"><div style=\"display:flex;align-items:center;gap:5px;padding:3px 0;\"><span style=\"display:inline-block;width:18px;flex-shrink:0;\"><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/greece\/northern-greece\/delphi\/corycian-cave\/\" style=\"color:#000;text-decoration:none;font-size:13.5px;\">Corycian Cave<\/a><\/div><\/div><div class=\"drj-node\"><div style=\"display:flex;align-items:center;gap:5px;padding:3px 0;\"><span style=\"display:inline-block;width:18px;flex-shrink:0;\"><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/greece\/northern-greece\/delphi\/marmara\/\" style=\"color:#000;text-decoration:none;font-size:13.5px;\">Marmara<\/a><\/div><\/div><div class=\"drj-node\"><div style=\"display:flex;align-items:center;gap:5px;padding:3px 0;\"><span style=\"display:inline-block;width:18px;flex-shrink:0;\"><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/greece\/northern-greece\/delphi\/mt-parnassos\/\" style=\"color:#000;text-decoration:none;font-size:13.5px;\">Mt. Parnassos<\/a><\/div><\/div><div class=\"drj-node\"><div style=\"display:flex;align-items:center;gap:5px;padding:3px 0;\"><span style=\"display:inline-block;width:18px;flex-shrink:0;\"><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/greece\/northern-greece\/delphi\/sacred-way\/\" style=\"color:#000;text-decoration:none;font-size:13.5px;\">Sacred Way<\/a><\/div><\/div><div class=\"drj-node\"><div style=\"display:flex;align-items:center;gap:5px;padding:3px 0;\"><span style=\"display:inline-block;width:18px;flex-shrink:0;\"><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/greece\/northern-greece\/delphi\/stadium\/\" style=\"color:#000;text-decoration:none;font-size:13.5px;\">Stadium<\/a><\/div><\/div><div class=\"drj-node\"><div style=\"display:flex;align-items:center;gap:5px;padding:3px 0;\"><span style=\"display:inline-block;width:18px;flex-shrink:0;\"><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/greece\/northern-greece\/delphi\/temple-of-apollo\/\" style=\"color:#000;text-decoration:none;font-size:13.5px;\">Theater<\/a><\/div><\/div><div class=\"drj-node\"><div style=\"display:flex;align-items:center;gap:5px;padding:3px 0;\"><span style=\"display:inline-block;width:18px;flex-shrink:0;\"><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/greece\/northern-greece\/delphi\/training-area\/\" style=\"color:#000;text-decoration:none;font-size:13.5px;\">Training Area<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"drj-node\"><div style=\"display:flex;align-items:center;gap:5px;padding:3px 0;\"><span style=\"display:inline-block;width:18px;flex-shrink:0;\"><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/greece\/northern-greece\/mt-olympos\/\" style=\"color:#000;text-decoration:none;font-size:13.5px;\">Mt. Olympos<\/a><\/div><\/div><div class=\"drj-node\"><div style=\"display:flex;align-items:center;gap:5px;padding:3px 0;\"><span style=\"display:inline-block;width:18px;flex-shrink:0;\"><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/greece\/northern-greece\/naupaktos\/\" style=\"color:#000;text-decoration:none;font-size:13.5px;\">Naupaktos<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"drj-node\"><div style=\"display:flex;align-items:center;gap:5px;padding:3px 0;\"><span class=\"drj-toggle\" data-target=\"drj-c-460\" style=\"cursor:pointer;display:inline-flex;width:18px;height:18px;align-items:center;justify-content:center;flex-shrink:0;border:1px solid #1a1a1a;border-radius:3px;background:rgba(255,255,255,0.55);\"><span class=\"drj-arrow-symbol\" style=\"font-size:12px;font-weight:700;line-height:1;color:#000;\">+<\/span><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/greece\/saronic-gulf-islands\/\" style=\"color:#000;text-decoration:none;font-size:13.5px;\">Saronic Gulf Islands<\/a><\/div><div class=\"drj-children\" id=\"drj-c-460\" style=\"margin-left:18px;display:none;background:#E5EFF5;border-left:2px solid #257CA8;border-radius:0 5px 5px 0;padding:2px 0 2px 8px;\"><div class=\"drj-node\"><div style=\"display:flex;align-items:center;gap:5px;padding:3px 0;\"><span style=\"display:inline-block;width:18px;flex-shrink:0;\"><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/greece\/saronic-gulf-islands\/aegina\/\" style=\"color:#000;text-decoration:none;font-size:13.5px;\">Aegina<\/a><\/div><\/div><div class=\"drj-node\"><div style=\"display:flex;align-items:center;gap:5px;padding:3px 0;\"><span style=\"display:inline-block;width:18px;flex-shrink:0;\"><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/greece\/saronic-gulf-islands\/spetses\/\" style=\"color:#000;text-decoration:none;font-size:13.5px;\">Spetses<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"drj-node\"><div style=\"display:flex;align-items:center;gap:6px;background:#D52D81;color:#000;border:2px solid #1a1a1a;border-radius:8px;padding:9px 10px;\"><span class=\"drj-toggle\" data-target=\"drj-sec-486\" style=\"cursor:pointer;display:inline-flex;width:18px;height:18px;align-items:center;justify-content:center;flex-shrink:0;border:1px solid #1a1a1a;border-radius:3px;background:rgba(255,255,255,0.55);\"><span class=\"drj-arrow-symbol\" style=\"font-size:12px;font-weight:700;line-height:1;color:#000;\">+<\/span><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/italy\/\" style=\"color:#000;text-decoration:none;font-weight:700;font-size:15px;\">Dr. J&#039;s Illustrated Sites of Italy<\/a><\/div><div class=\"drj-children\" id=\"drj-sec-486\" style=\"margin-top:3px;display:none;background:#FAE6F0;border-left:2px solid #D52D81;border-radius:0 5px 5px 0;padding:2px 0 2px 8px;\"><div class=\"drj-node\"><div style=\"display:flex;align-items:center;gap:5px;padding:3px 0;\"><span style=\"display:inline-block;width:18px;flex-shrink:0;\"><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/italy\/herculaneum\/\" style=\"color:#000;text-decoration:none;font-size:13.5px;\">Herculaneum<\/a><\/div><\/div><div class=\"drj-node\"><div style=\"display:flex;align-items:center;gap:5px;padding:3px 0;\"><span style=\"display:inline-block;width:18px;flex-shrink:0;\"><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/italy\/ostia\/\" style=\"color:#000;text-decoration:none;font-size:13.5px;\">Ostia<\/a><\/div><\/div><div class=\"drj-node\"><div style=\"display:flex;align-items:center;gap:5px;padding:3px 0;\"><span style=\"display:inline-block;width:18px;flex-shrink:0;\"><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/italy\/paestum\/\" style=\"color:#000;text-decoration:none;font-size:13.5px;\">Paestum<\/a><\/div><\/div><div class=\"drj-node\"><div style=\"display:flex;align-items:center;gap:5px;padding:3px 0;\"><span style=\"display:inline-block;width:18px;flex-shrink:0;\"><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/italy\/pompeii\/\" style=\"color:#000;text-decoration:none;font-size:13.5px;\">Pompeii<\/a><\/div><\/div><div class=\"drj-node\"><div style=\"display:flex;align-items:center;gap:5px;padding:3px 0;\"><span class=\"drj-toggle\" data-target=\"drj-c-488\" style=\"cursor:pointer;display:inline-flex;width:18px;height:18px;align-items:center;justify-content:center;flex-shrink:0;border:1px solid #1a1a1a;border-radius:3px;background:rgba(255,255,255,0.55);\"><span class=\"drj-arrow-symbol\" style=\"font-size:12px;font-weight:700;line-height:1;color:#000;\">+<\/span><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/italy\/rome\/\" style=\"color:#000;text-decoration:none;font-size:13.5px;\">Rome<\/a><\/div><div class=\"drj-children\" id=\"drj-c-488\" style=\"margin-left:18px;display:none;background:#FAE6F0;border-left:2px solid #D52D81;border-radius:0 5px 5px 0;padding:2px 0 2px 8px;\"><div class=\"drj-node\"><div style=\"display:flex;align-items:center;gap:5px;padding:3px 0;\"><span style=\"display:inline-block;width:18px;flex-shrink:0;\"><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/italy\/rome\/ara-pacis\/\" style=\"color:#000;text-decoration:none;font-size:13.5px;\">Ara Pacis<\/a><\/div><\/div><div class=\"drj-node\"><div style=\"display:flex;align-items:center;gap:5px;padding:3px 0;\"><span style=\"display:inline-block;width:18px;flex-shrink:0;\"><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/italy\/rome\/colosseum\/\" style=\"color:#000;text-decoration:none;font-size:13.5px;\">Colosseum<\/a><\/div><\/div><div class=\"drj-node\"><div style=\"display:flex;align-items:center;gap:5px;padding:3px 0;\"><span style=\"display:inline-block;width:18px;flex-shrink:0;\"><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/italy\/rome\/fora\/\" style=\"color:#000;text-decoration:none;font-size:13.5px;\">Fora<\/a><\/div><\/div><div class=\"drj-node\"><div style=\"display:flex;align-items:center;gap:5px;padding:3px 0;\"><span style=\"display:inline-block;width:18px;flex-shrink:0;\"><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/italy\/rome\/vatican-museum\/\" style=\"color:#000;text-decoration:none;font-size:13.5px;\">Vatican Museum<\/a><\/div><\/div><div class=\"drj-node\"><div style=\"display:flex;align-items:center;gap:5px;padding:3px 0;\"><span style=\"display:inline-block;width:18px;flex-shrink:0;\"><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/italy\/rome\/villa-farnesina\/\" style=\"color:#000;text-decoration:none;font-size:13.5px;\">Villa Farnesina<\/a><\/div><\/div><div class=\"drj-node\"><div style=\"display:flex;align-items:center;gap:5px;padding:3px 0;\"><span style=\"display:inline-block;width:18px;flex-shrink:0;\"><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/italy\/rome\/villa-giulia\/\" style=\"color:#000;text-decoration:none;font-size:13.5px;\">Villa Giulia<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"drj-node\"><div style=\"display:flex;align-items:center;gap:5px;padding:3px 0;\"><span style=\"display:inline-block;width:18px;flex-shrink:0;\"><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/italy\/vesuvius\/\" style=\"color:#000;text-decoration:none;font-size:13.5px;\">Vesuvius<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"drj-node\"><div style=\"display:flex;align-items:center;gap:6px;background:#FF9900;color:#000;border:2px solid #1a1a1a;border-radius:8px;padding:9px 10px;\"><span class=\"drj-toggle\" data-target=\"drj-sec-504\" style=\"cursor:pointer;display:inline-flex;width:18px;height:18px;align-items:center;justify-content:center;flex-shrink:0;border:1px solid #1a1a1a;border-radius:3px;background:rgba(255,255,255,0.55);\"><span class=\"drj-arrow-symbol\" style=\"font-size:12px;font-weight:700;line-height:1;color:#000;\">+<\/span><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/other-sites\/\" style=\"color:#000;text-decoration:none;font-weight:700;font-size:15px;\">Dr. J&#039;s Other Illustrated Sites<\/a><\/div><div class=\"drj-children\" id=\"drj-sec-504\" style=\"margin-top:3px;display:none;background:#FFF3E0;border-left:2px solid #FF9900;border-radius:0 5px 5px 0;padding:2px 0 2px 8px;\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"drj-node\"><div style=\"display:flex;align-items:center;gap:6px;background:#338533;color:#000;border:2px solid #1a1a1a;border-radius:8px;padding:9px 10px;\"><span class=\"drj-toggle\" data-target=\"drj-sec-508\" style=\"cursor:pointer;display:inline-flex;width:18px;height:18px;align-items:center;justify-content:center;flex-shrink:0;border:1px solid #1a1a1a;border-radius:3px;background:rgba(255,255,255,0.55);\"><span class=\"drj-arrow-symbol\" style=\"font-size:12px;font-weight:700;line-height:1;color:#000;\">+<\/span><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/texts\/\" style=\"color:#000;text-decoration:none;font-weight:700;font-size:15px;\">Dr. J&#039;s Illustrated Texts<\/a><\/div><div class=\"drj-children\" id=\"drj-sec-508\" style=\"margin-top:3px;display:none;background:#E7F0E7;border-left:2px solid #338533;border-radius:0 5px 5px 0;padding:2px 0 2px 8px;\"><div class=\"drj-node\"><div style=\"display:flex;align-items:center;gap:5px;padding:3px 0;\"><span style=\"display:inline-block;width:18px;flex-shrink:0;\"><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/texts\/aeschylus-oresteia\/\" style=\"color:#000;text-decoration:none;font-size:13.5px;\">Aeschylus&#8217; Oresteia<\/a><\/div><\/div><div class=\"drj-node\"><div style=\"display:flex;align-items:center;gap:5px;padding:3px 0;\"><span class=\"drj-toggle\" data-target=\"drj-c-510\" style=\"cursor:pointer;display:inline-flex;width:18px;height:18px;align-items:center;justify-content:center;flex-shrink:0;border:1px solid #1a1a1a;border-radius:3px;background:rgba(255,255,255,0.55);\"><span class=\"drj-arrow-symbol\" style=\"font-size:12px;font-weight:700;line-height:1;color:#000;\">+<\/span><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/texts\/pericles-funeral-oration\/\" style=\"color:#000;text-decoration:none;font-size:13.5px;\">Pericles&#8217; Funeral Oration<\/a><\/div><div class=\"drj-children\" id=\"drj-c-510\" style=\"margin-left:18px;display:none;background:#E7F0E7;border-left:2px solid #338533;border-radius:0 5px 5px 0;padding:2px 0 2px 8px;\"><div class=\"drj-node\"><div style=\"display:flex;align-items:center;gap:5px;padding:3px 0;\"><span style=\"display:inline-block;width:18px;flex-shrink:0;\"><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/texts\/pericles-funeral-oration\/pericles-and-america\/\" style=\"color:#000;text-decoration:none;font-size:13.5px;\">Pericles and America<\/a><\/div><\/div><div class=\"drj-node\"><div style=\"display:flex;align-items:center;gap:5px;padding:3px 0;\"><span style=\"display:inline-block;width:18px;flex-shrink:0;\"><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/texts\/pericles-funeral-oration\/pericles-and-philadelphia\/\" style=\"color:#000;text-decoration:none;font-size:13.5px;\">Pericles and Philadelphia<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"drj-node\"><div style=\"display:flex;align-items:center;gap:5px;padding:3px 0;\"><span style=\"display:inline-block;width:18px;flex-shrink:0;\"><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/texts\/platos-apology\/\" style=\"color:#000;text-decoration:none;font-size:13.5px;\">Plato&#8217;s Apology<\/a><\/div><\/div><div class=\"drj-node\"><div style=\"display:flex;align-items:center;gap:5px;padding:3px 0;\"><span style=\"display:inline-block;width:18px;flex-shrink:0;\"><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/texts\/socrates-and-the-apology\/\" style=\"color:#000;text-decoration:none;font-size:13.5px;\">Socrates and The Apology<\/a><\/div><\/div><div class=\"drj-node\"><div style=\"display:flex;align-items:center;gap:5px;padding:3px 0;\"><span style=\"display:inline-block;width:18px;flex-shrink:0;\"><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/texts\/the-sphinx-and-oedipus-rex\/\" style=\"color:#000;text-decoration:none;font-size:13.5px;\">The Sphinx and Oedipus Rex<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"drj-node\"><div style=\"display:flex;align-items:center;gap:6px;background:#CC6699;color:#000;border:2px solid #1a1a1a;border-radius:8px;padding:9px 10px;\"><span class=\"drj-toggle\" data-target=\"drj-sec-823\" style=\"cursor:pointer;display:inline-flex;width:18px;height:18px;align-items:center;justify-content:center;flex-shrink:0;border:1px solid #1a1a1a;border-radius:3px;background:rgba(255,255,255,0.55);\"><span class=\"drj-arrow-symbol\" style=\"font-size:12px;font-weight:700;line-height:1;color:#000;\">+<\/span><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/latin-at-hsc\/\" style=\"color:#000;text-decoration:none;font-weight:700;font-size:15px;\">Latin at HSC<\/a><\/div><div class=\"drj-children\" id=\"drj-sec-823\" style=\"margin-top:3px;display:none;background:#F9EDF3;border-left:2px solid #CC6699;border-radius:0 5px 5px 0;padding:2px 0 2px 8px;\"><div class=\"drj-node\"><div style=\"display:flex;align-items:center;gap:5px;padding:3px 0;\"><span style=\"display:inline-block;width:18px;flex-shrink:0;\"><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/latin-at-hsc\/explanations\/\" style=\"color:#000;text-decoration:none;font-size:13.5px;\">Explanations<\/a><\/div><\/div><div class=\"drj-node\"><div style=\"display:flex;align-items:center;gap:5px;padding:3px 0;\"><span style=\"display:inline-block;width:18px;flex-shrink:0;\"><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/latin-at-hsc\/paradigms\/\" style=\"color:#000;text-decoration:none;font-size:13.5px;\">Paradigms<\/a><\/div><\/div><div class=\"drj-node\"><div style=\"display:flex;align-items:center;gap:5px;padding:3px 0;\"><span style=\"display:inline-block;width:18px;flex-shrink:0;\"><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/latin-at-hsc\/vocabulary\/\" style=\"color:#000;text-decoration:none;font-size:13.5px;\">Vocabulary<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"drj-node\"><div style=\"display:flex;align-items:center;gap:6px;background:#FF0000;color:#000;border:2px solid #1a1a1a;border-radius:8px;padding:9px 10px;\"><span class=\"drj-toggle\" data-target=\"drj-sec-1263\" style=\"cursor:pointer;display:inline-flex;width:18px;height:18px;align-items:center;justify-content:center;flex-shrink:0;border:1px solid #1a1a1a;border-radius:3px;background:rgba(255,255,255,0.55);\"><span class=\"drj-arrow-symbol\" style=\"font-size:12px;font-weight:700;line-height:1;color:#000;\">+<\/span><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/romans-in\/\" style=\"color:#000;text-decoration:none;font-weight:700;font-size:15px;\">Romans In... (Germany, Gallia...) Teacher Workshops<\/a><\/div><div class=\"drj-children\" id=\"drj-sec-1263\" style=\"margin-top:3px;display:none;background:#FFE0E0;border-left:2px solid #FF0000;border-radius:0 5px 5px 0;padding:2px 0 2px 8px;\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><script>(function(){document.querySelectorAll(\".drj-toggle\").forEach(function(t){if(t.__drjBound)return;t.__drjBound=true;t.addEventListener(\"click\",function(e){e.preventDefault();var targetId=t.getAttribute(\"data-target\");var target=document.getElementById(targetId);if(!target)return;var symbol=t.querySelector(\".drj-arrow-symbol\");var isOpen=target.style.display!==\"none\";target.style.display=isOpen?\"none\":\"block\";if(symbol)symbol.textContent=isOpen?\"+\":\"\\u2212\";});});})();<\/script><script>(function(){\r\nvar STORAGE_KEY = \"drj_mobile_nav_open\";\r\nvar sidebar = document.getElementById(\"drj-sidebar-root\");\r\nvar btn = document.getElementById(\"drj-mobile-nav-btn\");\r\nif (!sidebar || !btn) return;\r\nfunction setState(isOpen){\r\n  var label = btn.querySelector(\".drj-btn-label\");\r\n  if (isOpen) {\r\n    sidebar.classList.remove(\"drj-mobile-collapsed\");\r\n    btn.setAttribute(\"aria-expanded\",\"true\");\r\n    if (label) label.textContent = \"Close nav menu\";\r\n  } else {\r\n    sidebar.classList.add(\"drj-mobile-collapsed\");\r\n    btn.setAttribute(\"aria-expanded\",\"false\");\r\n    if (label) label.textContent = \"Open nav menu\";\r\n  }\r\n}\r\nvar stored = null;\r\ntry { stored = sessionStorage.getItem(STORAGE_KEY); } catch(e) {}\r\nsetState(stored === \"open\");\r\nbtn.addEventListener(\"click\", function(){\r\n  var willOpen = sidebar.classList.contains(\"drj-mobile-collapsed\");\r\n  setState(willOpen);\r\n  try { sessionStorage.setItem(STORAGE_KEY, willOpen ? \"open\" : \"closed\"); } catch(e) {}\r\n});\r\n})();<\/script>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-75 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-7wk0vhj\" data-id=\"7wk0vhj\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ff7lpwn elementor-widget elementor-widget-drj_breadcrumb\" data-id=\"ff7lpwn\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"drj_breadcrumb.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div style=\"background:#AC5A83;display:inline-block;padding:6px 13px;border-radius:6px;border:1px solid #1a1a1a;font-size:14px;color:#000;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/\" style=\"color:#000;text-decoration:none;\">Home<\/a> \/ <a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/illustrated-lectures\/\" style=\"color:#000;text-decoration:none;\">Illustrated Lectures<\/a> \/ <a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/illustrated-lectures\/greek-history\/\" style=\"color:#000;text-decoration:none;\">Greek History<\/a> \/ <span style=\"font-weight:700;\">Archaic Age<\/span><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-euq12sh elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"euq12sh\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Dr.\n        J&#8217;s Illustrated Archaic Age<br>\n        color-coded\n        Timeline\/Lecture<br>\n        <br>\n        war<br>\n        literature\/theater<br>\n        politics<br>\n        science\/philosophy<br>\n        Panhellenic\n        Festivals<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-idfsy59 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"idfsy59\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>It\n        turned out to be more difficult than I thought to assign colors to\n        various aspects of Greek history. And this speaks to the very nature of\n        ancient Greek culture: spheres of influence were not so easily divisible\n        in ancient Greece as they are for us. The Greeks had an uncanny facility\n        to move easily from the sacred sphere to the political to the\n        domestic&#8230; it makes me mourn the loss of that totality of experience in\n        our own culture. Back then, kings consulted religious Oracles on matters\n        of State, athletes at Panhellenic Games sought glory for their home\n        cities from the particular Olympic god to whom the games were dedicated,\n        and the God Dionysus himself &#8211; in the figure of his cult statue &#8211;\n        presided over theatrical competitions in fifth century Athens. Is Attic\n        theater an artistic invention? A political tool? A religious event? All\n        of the above. How can we define &#8220;philosopher&#8221;? The cosmologist\n        Pythagoras attracts a religious following; Socrates becomes a political\n        subversive; Aristotle invents literary theory. What an amazing time, and\n        what amazing people.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-wdvvxk7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"wdvvxk7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The\n        Archaic Age is characterized by a Greek spirit of unity not quite strong\n        enough to unite the cities politically, but definitely strong enough to\n        remind them of their common bond. This busy time has been described as\n        The Age of Aristocracies, The Age of Expansion, The Beginning of the\n        Western Literary Tradition, and the Age of Law-Givers. The first thing\n        we notice is that there are no really big wars in this age, and people\n        are busy developing culture: Panhellenic\n        Festivals, theater,\n        law codes, literature,\n        democracy,\n        and early\n        Greek science and philosophy\n        all hark back to the Archaic Age.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-xcigtea elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"xcigtea\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Age\n                  of Aristocracies<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4zam4yj elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"4zam4yj\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2026\/08\/IMG0018MID-1.jpg\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"IMG0018MID\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6MjM4NCwidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL2Jsb2dzLmhzYy5lZHVcL2RyamNsYXNzaWNzXC93cC1jb250ZW50XC91cGxvYWRzXC9zaXRlc1wvN1wvMjAyNlwvMDhcL0lNRzAwMThNSUQtMS5qcGcifQ%3D%3D\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"200\" height=\"133\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2026\/08\/IMG0018MID-1.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-2384\" alt=\"Archaic Age \u2014 photograph 1 of 9\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8t4slmh elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8t4slmh\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The\n                  Archaic Age is best known as the Age of Aristocracies, because\n                  its developing <i>poleis<\/i> \u00a0 (city-states) are\n                  characterized by a rejection of the old-style monarchies of\n                  the Mycenean Age (as\n                  dramatized in later plays you may have read such as Aeschylus&#8217;\n                  <em>Agamemnon <\/em>and Sophocles&#8217; <em>Oedipus<\/em>).\n                  The\n                  Archaic Age is also characterized by the development of\n                  Panhellenic Centers, one of the first signs that Greece is\n                  coming out of the previous period, known as the Dark Age. The\n                  destruction of Mycenean civilization caused a fearful time in\n                  which the Greeks of each area kept to themselves (which is\n                  very easy to do in Greece since the mountainous topography\n                  naturally isolates each habitable area from the next). The\n                  establishment of the Panhellenic (&#8220;All-Greece&#8221;)\n                  Festival at Olympia (in honor Zeus) is the first sign that\n                  Greeks are beginning to communicate and interact with each\n                  other again. They came from all over to compete for the honor\n                  of their home city-state. <a href=\"http:\/\/lilt.ilstu.edu\/drjclassics\/sites\/Olympia\/olympia.htm\">OLYMPIA<\/a>\n                  is a city in the Peloponnesus (southern part of Greece), named\n                  in honor of Zeus, King of the Olympian gods; don&#8217;t confuse it\n                  with <a href=\"http:\/\/lilt.ilstu.edu\/drjclassics\/sites\/olympos\/olympos.htm\">MT.\n                  OLYMPOS<\/a>, the mountain home to the OLYMPIAN gods. On the\n                  left is a photo of the Palaestra at Olympia, where the\n                  athletes practiced, although the <a href=\"http:\/\/lilt.ilstu.edu\/drjclassics\/sites\/Olympia\/olympics.htm\">ancient\n                  competitions<\/a> were not restricted to athletic events, as\n                  they are today.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bci8yih elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"bci8yih\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2026\/08\/IMG0060aMID.jpg\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"IMG0060aMID\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6MjM4NSwidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL2Jsb2dzLmhzYy5lZHVcL2RyamNsYXNzaWNzXC93cC1jb250ZW50XC91cGxvYWRzXC9zaXRlc1wvN1wvMjAyNlwvMDhcL0lNRzAwNjBhTUlELmpwZyJ9\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"200\" height=\"133\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2026\/08\/IMG0060aMID.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-2385\" alt=\"Archaic Age \u2014 photograph 2 of 9\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-89iv99c elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"89iv99c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2026\/08\/IMG0062MID.jpg\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"IMG0062MID\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6MjM4NiwidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL2Jsb2dzLmhzYy5lZHVcL2RyamNsYXNzaWNzXC93cC1jb250ZW50XC91cGxvYWRzXC9zaXRlc1wvN1wvMjAyNlwvMDhcL0lNRzAwNjJNSUQuanBnIn0%3D\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"200\" height=\"133\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2026\/08\/IMG0062MID.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-2386\" alt=\"Archaic Age \u2014 photograph 3 of 9\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7sc4uxy elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7sc4uxy\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><br>\n                            <br><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-p5u34g9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"p5u34g9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2026\/08\/pp20.jpg\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"pp20\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6MjM4NywidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL2Jsb2dzLmhzYy5lZHVcL2RyamNsYXNzaWNzXC93cC1jb250ZW50XC91cGxvYWRzXC9zaXRlc1wvN1wvMjAyNlwvMDhcL3BwMjAuanBnIn0%3D\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"100\" height=\"67\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2026\/08\/pp20.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-2387\" alt=\"Archaic Age \u2014 photograph 4 of 9\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-oewkqsi elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"oewkqsi\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><br>\n                            In 582 B.C. the Pythian Games are established\n                            (honoring Apollo at Delphi). On the left is the\n                            stadium at Delphi, on the right, the training area\n                            for athletes. The poet Pindar will make the games\n                            famous in his collection of Pythian Odes. Actually,\n                            Pindar writes a collection of Odes for each of the\n                            celebrated Panhellenic sites. In 573 B.C. the Nemean\n                            Games are established (honoring Zeus at Nemea). In\n                            the center above is a photo taken from inside the\n                            covered tunnel entrance to the stadium at Nemea. It\n                            is the only Panhellenic site to have retained its\n                            tunnel intact. And<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1jova43 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"1jova43\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2026\/08\/9401MID-1.jpg\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"9401MID\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6MjM4OCwidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL2Jsb2dzLmhzYy5lZHVcL2RyamNsYXNzaWNzXC93cC1jb250ZW50XC91cGxvYWRzXC9zaXRlc1wvN1wvMjAyNlwvMDhcLzk0MDFNSUQtMS5qcGcifQ%3D%3D\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"200\" height=\"134\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2026\/08\/9401MID-1.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-2388\" alt=\"Archaic Age \u2014 photograph 5 of 9\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d1bb6q3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d1bb6q3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>about a decade later (560&#8217;s B.C.) the Isthmian Games\n                            are founded (honoring Poseidon at Isthmia). &#8220;Isthmia&#8221;\n                            is where we get the word &#8220;isthmus&#8221;\u00a0 &#8211;\n                            this is the city on the bridge of land that joins\n                            the southern land-mass of Greece, the Peloponnesus,\n                            with Sterea Ellada, or Central Greece. Today, ships\n                            can sail right through the Corinth Canal (photo on\n                            right), but in antiquity, boats had to be dragged\n                            across a mile-wide strip of land called the Diolkos\n                            if they didn&#8217;t want to have to sail all the way\n                            around the southernmost tip of Greece.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-p81pg5x elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"p81pg5x\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Age\n                  of Expansion: 750-550 B.C.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b9xcmwe elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b9xcmwe\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>From\n                  750-550 B.C., Greek civilization revitalized. In response to\n                  rapid population growth and a lack of arable land (grapes and\n                  olives are about the only crops that thrive),\u00a0 a new\n                  breed of Greeks sets out to discover or forge a new world.\n                  Colonists ranged far and wide, east to the Ionian Coast of\n                  Asia Minor, South to the northern shores of Africa, and west\n                  to Europe: Marseilles was originally a Greek colony, and\n                  Sicily and southern Italy has so many settlements on it it was\n                  known as <i>Magna Graecia<\/i>, or &#8220;Big Greece.&#8221; Many\n                  of these settlements opened trade routes for Greece that\n                  helped them become a world player in the centuries to come.\n                  (Temple students, see your map on page 12 of your IH Source\n                  Book &#8211; all the shaded areas are colonies dating to this\n                  period.)<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-u4k82bo elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"u4k82bo\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The\n                  photos above (well, they will be soon!) are of Paestum\n                  (originally called Poseidonia) in Italy, a Greek colony\n                  founded by Greeks from Achaea (mid-Peloponessus) in honor of\n                  the god of the sea, Poseidon. These are some of the most\n                  breathtaking archaic temples that exist today. On the left, a\n                  temple to Hera, on the right, one to Demeter, and the temple\n                  in the middle &#8211; under the tent &#8211; is dedicated to Poseidon.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-xy9zqmd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"xy9zqmd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The\n                  Western Literary Tradition begins with poetry<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c0cnbrq elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c0cnbrq\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The\n                  Western literary tradition begins with the works of Homer and\n                  Hesiod, dating to the mid 8th century B.C. The epic poet Homer\n                  codified and wrote down the stories of the Trojan War (in his\n                  Iliad and Odyssey) told orally for hundreds of years since the\n                  actual war was fought (ca. 1250 B.C.). The didactic poetry of\n                  Hesiod (author of Theogony and Works and Days) links everyday\n                  life\u00a0 (especially for farmers) with the world of the\n                  gods. Both authors are throwbacks to an earlier time, the\n                  long-lost Mycenean Age (Bronze Age) when gods and man walked\n                  the earth together (thank you, Xena&#8230;) and all Greeks were a\n                  unified force and a more homogenous culture (i.e., it was all\n                  Greeks against a common outside enemy, the Trojans, back then,\n                  not one Greek against Greek another).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-vsnpb7c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"vsnpb7c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>But\n                  the Archaic Age, on the other hand, is witness to the\n                  development of individually distinguishable city-states. And\n                  it is this strain of individuality and self-expression that\n                  paves the way for the next literary development, the lyric\n                  poem. The lyric poets flourished in the newly colonized Asia\n                  Minor shoreline and islands in the late 7th century B.C. (the\n                  lower 600&#8217;s B.C.). Sappho&#8217;s birthdate, for example, is\n                  estimated at ca. 610 B.C. Greek lyric poetry offers an\n                  alternative to Homer&#8217;s epic or Hesiod&#8217;s didactic poetry. While\n                  epic poetry reflects the totality of a culture, lyric poetry\n                  is more concerned with communicating personal sentiment &#8211;\n                  feelings of love, grief, friendship, etc. The lyric poetry of\n                  Sappho and the other famed eight lyric poets of her age\n                  provides a personal voice new to Greek literature and imitated\n                  by generations of poets thereafter.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3iqkblb elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3iqkblb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Age\n                  of Law-Givers 621 &#8211; 594 B.C.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-vlzmizm elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"vlzmizm\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The\n                  last half of the 7th century B.C. is known as the Age of\n                  Law-Givers in Greece. Draco&#8217;s Law Code in Athens in 621 B.C.\n                  caused tradition and custom to become written law for the\n                  first time. This is a photo of the Law Code of Gortyn (SOON!),\n                  in Crete, but Draco&#8217;s Law also would have been similarly\n                  carved into stone and publicly displayed. Draco&#8217;s Code was\n                  considered harsh, but his goal was to lessen the discrepancy\n                  between the haves and the have-nots, economically speaking.\n                  But despite Draco&#8217;s attempts, poor people still suffered at\n                  the hands of unscrupulous land-owners and people had gripes.\n                  Often there were spontaneous revolts by the underprivileged\n                  classes who could no longer bear the burden of their place in\n                  society. The stage was set for some serious reform.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-79y6yo7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"79y6yo7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Enter\n                  Solon the Law-Giver in 594 B.C. Solon, one of the proverbial\n                  Seven Ancient Sages, did not hail from Athens, or even from\n                  mainland Greece. He was one of the traveling wise men who\n                  learned lessons from the way varied cultures handled their\n                  challenges. Solon was given the power to re-distribute the\n                  wealth across the board, providing welcome opportunities for\n                  society&#8217;s have-nots. Many farmers did not own the land they\n                  worked in the first place, or they accrued debts they couldn&#8217;t\n                  pay and became sharecroppers as a result. Solon cancelled or\n                  reduced debts and redistributed the land, restoring property\n                  to many. Solon encouraged the production and export of olive\n                  oil, lured foreign craftsmen with the promise of citizenship,\n                  and made it a law that all fathers should teach their son a\n                  trade. The Athenian pottery business grew from this edict, and\n                  it explains why Athenian pots are found all over the\n                  Mediterranean and beyond. Solon single-handedly created a\n                  merchant class. He also created the first citizen-manned\n                  courts, giving the people valuable experience in\n                  self-government.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-u074gl8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"u074gl8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Age\n                  of Tyrants in Athens: 561 &#8211; 510 B.C.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-y8d9lqt elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"y8d9lqt\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2026\/08\/9802MID-1.jpg\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"9802MID\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6MjM4OSwidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL2Jsb2dzLmhzYy5lZHVcL2RyamNsYXNzaWNzXC93cC1jb250ZW50XC91cGxvYWRzXC9zaXRlc1wvN1wvMjAyNlwvMDhcLzk4MDJNSUQtMS5qcGcifQ%3D%3D\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"200\" height=\"136\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2026\/08\/9802MID-1.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-2389\" alt=\"Archaic Age \u2014 photograph 6 of 9\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-n6jkesk elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"n6jkesk\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Pesistratus\n                  becomes Tyrant of Athens. Back then, &#8220;tyrant&#8221; just\n                  meant something like &#8220;the buck starts and stops\n                  here&#8221; &#8211; he was the sole ruling body in the land, an\n                  aristocrat&#8217;s aristocrat &#8211; not necessarily a cruel and\n                  megalomaniac ruler. Although totalitarian about making laws,\n                  Pesistratus did have Athens&#8217; interest at heart. Under his\n                  rule, the city prospered: he built an aqueduct, redistributed\n                  confiscated land, helped poor farmers. Characteristic of\n                  tyrannical rule is the desire to build monumental edifices,\n                  proofs of the tyrant&#8217;s power. The <a href=\"http:\/\/lilt.ilstu.edu\/drjclassics\/sites\/athens\/Temple%20of%20Olympian%20Zeus\/olympianzeus.htm\">Temple\n                  of Olympian Zeus<\/a>, right, was designed to be the largest\n                  temple in Greece (remember &#8211; the <a href=\"http:\/\/lilt.ilstu.edu\/drjclassics\/sites\/acropolis\/parthenon.htm\">Parthenon<\/a>\n                  won&#8217;t be built until 447, over 100 years later). But\n                  Pesistratus didn&#8217;t finish it; the Roman Emperor Hadrian did\u00a0\n                  &#8211; 700 years later! Pesistratus rules until 528 B.C., when his\n                  sons Hippias and Hipparchus take over.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-wb57aoe elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"wb57aoe\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The\n                  Institution of the Theater 534 B.C.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d697u1j elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"d697u1j\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2026\/08\/9403MID-1.jpg\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"9403MID\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6MjM5MCwidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL2Jsb2dzLmhzYy5lZHVcL2RyamNsYXNzaWNzXC93cC1jb250ZW50XC91cGxvYWRzXC9zaXRlc1wvN1wvMjAyNlwvMDhcLzk0MDNNSUQtMS5qcGcifQ%3D%3D\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"200\" height=\"139\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2026\/08\/9403MID-1.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-2390\" alt=\"Archaic Age \u2014 photograph 7 of 9\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-tiutfnz elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"tiutfnz\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>One\n                  of Pesistratus&#8217; accomplishments was to found the institution\n                  of the theater in Athens. Thespis wins the the 1st competition\n                  of the new Great Dionysia Festival at Athens, featuring public\n                  productions of tragic drama in honor of the god Dionysus, in\n                  an early version of this theater (right) on the south slope of\n                  the Acropolis. Around this time the tradition of publicly\n                  reciting Homer at the Panathenaic Festival began, too. This\n                  was the beginning of democratic idealism: making culture\n                  available to everyone, instead of just a few. The Pesistratid\n                  tyranny will last only another 25 years or so, and then\n                  democracy will take hold in Athens. But the cultural\n                  institutions he founded lived on.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-gojy182 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"gojy182\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The\n                  Beginnings of Democracy 510 B.C.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-j99qjrc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"j99qjrc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>In\n                  510, Cleisthenes takes power &#8211; after the assassinations of\n                  Hippias and Hipparchus &#8211; and completely reforms the Athenian\n                  constitution, diluting the power of the aristocracy. His\n                  reforms establish the Council of the 500, the Board of\n                  Strategoi (Ten Generals), and a popular court system replaces\n                  the aristocratically-run Council of the <a href=\"http:\/\/lilt.ilstu.edu\/drjclassics\/sites\/athens\/Areopagus\/areopagus.htm\">Areopagus<\/a>,\n                  which continues to preside only over murder cases. Cleisthenes\n                  accomplishes all of this by drawing on both the Greek love of\n                  competition (as seen in the Olympics and in the theater\n                  contests), and on their equally strong love of individuality.\n                  He artificially creates new tribes (replacing the old\n                  aristocratic tribal loyalties) which are composed of\n                  inhabitants of various demes (territorial divisions). Each\n                  tribe has members drawn from demes from three different\n                  regions &#8211; inland, coast and city. So these new\n                  &#8220;teams&#8221; (think &#8220;color-war&#8221;) are all equal\n                  in their diversity, since each one has constituents from all\n                  over &#8211; no one slice of society (city merchants, sailors,\n                  farmers) has more say than another. This is a brilliant\n                  stroke: each deme retains control over its own local affairs,\n                  and each deme contributes adult male citizens to the Assembly,\n                  the new democratic ruling body of Athens.<br>\n                  <b><br>\n                  Any public structure carries the mark of the deme (<\/b><b>DHMOS),\n                  and I was tickled to find evidence of this even in the\n                  municipalities of modern Greece. Here are two garbage cans,\n                  one in <a href=\"http:\/\/lilt.ilstu.edu\/drjclassics\/sites\/athens\/miscellaneous.htm\">Athens<\/a>\n                  (AQHNAIWN)\n                  and the other in <a href=\"http:\/\/lilt.ilstu.edu\/drjclassics\/sites\/Pylos\/pylos.htm\">Pylos<\/a>\n                  (PULOU),\n                  which clearly show the cities&#8217; pride in public works:<\/b><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-565ed1p elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"565ed1p\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2026\/08\/IMG0002XMID.jpg\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"IMG0002XMID\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6MjM5MSwidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL2Jsb2dzLmhzYy5lZHVcL2RyamNsYXNzaWNzXC93cC1jb250ZW50XC91cGxvYWRzXC9zaXRlc1wvN1wvMjAyNlwvMDhcL0lNRzAwMDJYTUlELmpwZyJ9\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"200\" height=\"142\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2026\/08\/IMG0002XMID.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-2391\" alt=\"Archaic Age \u2014 photograph 8 of 9\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-hjl5iie elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"hjl5iie\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2026\/08\/IMG0034XMID.jpg\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"IMG0034XMID\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6MjM5MiwidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL2Jsb2dzLmhzYy5lZHVcL2RyamNsYXNzaWNzXC93cC1jb250ZW50XC91cGxvYWRzXC9zaXRlc1wvN1wvMjAyNlwvMDhcL0lNRzAwMzRYTUlELmpwZyJ9\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"109\" height=\"200\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2026\/08\/IMG0034XMID.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-2392\" alt=\"Archaic Age \u2014 photograph 9 of 9\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4x6gdnt elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4x6gdnt\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>At\n                  the end of the 6th century B.C., Athens is in perfect position\n                  for her next move: the progression has advanced from the\n                  hereditary monarchy in the Bronze Age to the development of\n                  aristocratically-run poleis in the Archaic Age. Soon will come\n                  the Age of Democracy &#8211; the Golden Age of Athens &#8211; a fifty-year\n                  window of opportunity that closes all too soon during the <a href=\"http:\/\/lilt.ilstu.edu\/drjclassics\/lectures\/history\/Classical%20Age\/timeline.htm\">Classical\n                  Age<\/a>. But first, Greece must survive the <a href=\"http:\/\/lilt.ilstu.edu\/drjclassics\/lectures\/history\/PersianWars\/persianwars.htm\">Persian\n                  Wars&#8230;<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-67wl4ri elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"67wl4ri\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>updated\n                  August 30, 1999<br>\n                  Back to <a href=\"http:\/\/lilt.ilstu.edu\/drjclassics\/lectures\/history\/history.htm\">Dr.\n                  J&#8217;s History Lecture Menu<\/a><br>\n                  Back to <a href=\"http:\/\/lilt.ilstu.edu\/drjclassics\/lectures\/dr2.htm\">Dr.\n                  J&#8217;s Illustrated Lectures<\/a><br>\n                  Back to <a href=\"http:\/\/lilt.ilstu.edu\/drjclassics\/indexdrj.htm\">Dr.\n                  J&#8217;s Home Page<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3zbo3cp elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3zbo3cp\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Copyright\n                  1999 Janice Siegel<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The Archaic Age is characterized by a Greek spirit of unity not quite strong enough to unite the cities politically, but definitely strong enough to remind them of their common bond. This busy time has been described as the Age of Aristocracies, the Age of Expansion, the beginning of the Western literary tradition, and the [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":802,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"page-templates\/page_fullwidth.php","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-806","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/806","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=806"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/806\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1323,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/806\/revisions\/1323"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/802"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.hsc.edu\/drjclassics\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=806"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}